ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
Cytokines, chaperones and neuroinflammatory responses in heroin-related death: what can we learn from different patterns of cellular expression?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery: Translatability to Human Studies, and Future Research Directions.Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Ketogenic diet: a potential adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- 6-Monoacetylmorphine-antibody distribution in tissues from heroin-related death cases: An experimental study to investigate the distributive response.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Mental Disorders Are Associated With Leukocytes Telomere Shortening Among People Who Inject Drugs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Addictive Disorders.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Widespread septic embolization in injection drug use mitro-aortic infective endocarditis as a remote cause of death.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Review
- All roads lead to inflammation: Is maternal immune activation a common culprit behind environmental factors impacting offspring neural control of breathing?Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2020Review
- Different routes of heroin intake cause various heroin-induced leukoencephalopathies.Journal of neurology · 2019Article
- Alterations of expression of inflammation/immune-related genes in the dorsal and ventral striatum of adult C57BL/6J mice following chronic oxycodone self-administration: a RNA sequencing study.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Unchanged Levels of Soluble CD14 and IL-6 Over Time Predict Serious Non-AIDS Events in HIV-1-Infected People.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Article
- Humoral Dysregulation Associated with Increased Systemic Inflammation among Injection Heroin Users.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heroin (3,6-diacetylmorphine) has various effects on the central nervous system with several neuropathological alterations including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage from respiratory depressing effects and neuroinflammatory response. Both of these mechanisms induce the release of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators by the activation of many cell types such as leucocytes and endothelial and glial cells, especially microglia, the predominant immunocompetent cell type within the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to clarify the correlation between intravenous heroin administration in heroin related death and the neuroinflammatory response. We selected 45 cases among autopsies executed for heroin-related death (358 total cases); immunohistochemical studies and Western blotting analyses were used to investigate the expression of brain markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, oxygen-regulated protein 150, (interleukins) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, and CD68 (MAC387). Findings demonstrated that morphine induces inflammatory response and cytokine release. In particular, oxygen-regulated protein 150, cyclooxygenase-2, heat shock protein 70, IL-6 and IL-15 cytokines were over-expressed with different patterns of cellular expression.
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