ReviewOncoimmunology2013
Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy.
Review in Oncoimmunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application potential of toll-like receptors in cancer immunotherapy: Systematic review.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- The efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with OK-432 after curative resection of gastric cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2016Pooled it
- Resiquimod as an immunologic adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination in patients with high-risk melanoma.Cancer immunology research · 2015Trial
- Genistein enhances TLR3-mediated apoptosis and immune signaling in breast cancer cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Bibliometric analysis of immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Design of a multi-epitope recombinant BCG vaccine targeting Brucella OMP31, LptE and VirB2 in immunoinformatics approaches.PloS one · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 in gastric cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
- TLR Agonists Modify NK Cell Activation and Increase Its Cytotoxicity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advances in Bacterial Lysate Immunotherapy for Infectious Diseases and Cancer.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- Toll‑like receptor 3 ligands for breast cancer therapies (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cancer: Trapping Our Attention with Their Involvement in Ovarian Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Self-Assembly of Immune Signals to Program Innate Immunity through Rational Adjuvant Design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- TLR agonist rMBP-NAP inhibits B16 melanoma tumor growth via induction of DCs maturation and T-cells cytotoxic response.Cytotechnology · 2022Article
- Development of multivariable risk signature based on four immune-related RNA-binding proteins to predict survival and immune status in lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2022Article
- Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Innate immunity · 2022Review
- Symphony of nanomaterials and immunotherapy based on the cancer-immunity cycle.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): Structure, Functions, Signaling, and Role of Their Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility.BioMed research international · 2021Review
- Toll-like receptor 2 activation induces C-C chemokine receptor 2-dependent natural killer cell recruitment to the peritoneum.Immunology and cell biology · 2020Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA. More recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic TLR agonists. In spite of such an intense wave of preclinical and clinical investigation, only three TLR agonists are currently licensed by FDA for use in cancer patients: bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.