ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles modulate host immune responses by targeting the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Raman spectroscopy reveals growth phase-dependent molecular differences in bacterial membrane vesicles.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Adherent-InvasiveThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Microbe-host interactions: structure and functions of Gram-negative bacterial membrane vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) ofViruses · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Detection of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles by NOD-Like Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Pathogenesis Mediated by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Article
- Application of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Innovative Theranostics in Microbial Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Emerging role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in cancer.Oncogene · 2020Review
- Cytotoxic alkyl-quinolones mediate surface-induced virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Prioritization of potential vaccine targets using comparative proteomics and designing of the chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Extracellular vesicles expressing a single-chain variable fragment of an HIV-1 specific antibody selectively target EnvTheranostics · 2019Article
- Dual-seq transcriptomics reveals the battle for iron during Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute murine pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Outer membrane vesicles as platform vaccine technology.Biotechnology journal · 2015Review
- Immune modulation by bacterial outer membrane vesicles.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2015Review
- Atg7 enhances host defense against infection via downregulation of superoxide but upregulation of nitric oxide.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2015-05-01Falsification/Fabrication of Image · Manipulation of Images · Original Data and/or Images not Provided and/or not Available · · Kelei Zhao took responsibility for image issues;
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria can naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as pathogenic factors, while these vesicles may also serve as immunologic regulators if appropriately prepared. However, it is largely unknown whether Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMVs can activate inflammatory responses and whether immunization with OMVs can provide immune protection against subsequent infection. We purified and identified OMVs, which were then used to infect lung epithelial cells in vitro as well as C57BL/6J mice to investigate the immune response and the underlying signaling pathway. The results showed that OMVs generated from P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 were more cytotoxic to alveolar epithelial cells than those from quorum-sensing (QS)-deficient strain PAO1-ΔlasR. The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, increased following OMV infection. Compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysed OMVs in which the membrane structures were broken induced a weak immune response. Furthermore, expression levels of TLR4-mediated responders (i.e., cytokines) were markedly downregulated by the TLR4 inhibitor E5564. Active immunization with OMVs or passive transfer of sera with a high cytokine quantity acquired from OMV-immunized mice could protect healthy mice against subsequent lethal PAO1 challenges (1.5 × 10(11) CFU). Collectively, these findings indicate that naturally secreted P. aeruginosa OMVs may trigger significant inflammatory responses via the TLR4 signaling pathway and protect mice against pseudomonal lung infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.