ReviewNature reviews. Urology2013
Urinary incontinence in children with special needs.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incontinence in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Article
- Updated consensus guidelines on the management of Phelan-McDermid syndrome.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2023Review
- Developmental polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure alters voiding physiology in young adult male and female mice.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Article
- Classroom Based Intensive Toilet Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- Recognition and management of bladder bowel dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Parental Perception of Changes in Basic Life Needs of Children with Disabilities after Six Months of Therapeutic Horseback Riding: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Incontinence in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2019Article
- Detailed Assessment of Incontinence, Psychological Problems and Parental Stress in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2019Article
- The Diagnosis and Treatment of Enuresis and Functional Daytime Urinary Incontinence.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2019Review
- Detailed assessment of incontinence in boys with fragile-X-syndrome in a home setting.European journal of pediatrics · 2016Article
- Markers of neurodevelopmental impairments in early-onset psychosis.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms and faecal incontinence are more common in children with special needs than in typically developing children. Children with intellectual disability, which can be attributed to a range of causes, are particularly affected. Indeed, the epidemiological and clinical studies conducted to date show clear associations that children with special needs have higher rates of urinary (and faecal) incontinence than children without development, physical or cognitive impairments. For example, low intelligence quotient (IQ)-associated physical disability and conditions such as Fragile X and Rett syndromes increase the risk for incontinence, which can persist into adulthood if left untreated. Although the association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and incontinence has been shown in many studies, further research is needed on other specific disorders, such as autism. As many children are not receiving adequate care, specific multimodal treatments based on rigorous assessment of the incontinence, underlying condition and associated comorbid disorders should be actively offered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.