Computational study of culture conditions and nutrient supply in a hollow membrane sheet bioreactor for large-scale bone tissue engineering.

Successful bone tissue culture in a large implant is still a challenge. We have previously developed a porous hollow membrane sheet (HMSh) for tissue engineering applications (Afra Hadjizadeh and Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori, J Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A [2]). This study aims to investigate culture conditions and nutrient supply in a bioreactor made of HMSh. For this purpose, hydrodynamic and mass transport behavior in the newly proposed hollow membrane sheet bioreactor including a lumen region and porous membrane (scaffold) for supporting and feeding cells with a grooved section for accommodating gel-cell matrix was numerically studied. A finite element method was used for solving the governing equations in both homogenous and porous media. Furthermore, the cell resistance and waste production have been included in a 3D mathematical model. The influences of different bioreactor design parameters and the scaffold properties which determine the HMSh bioreactor performance and various operating conditions were discussed in detail. The obtained results illustrated that the novel scaffold can be employed in the large-scale applications in bone tissue engineering.