Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24077091›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014

Validation of a method for reconstructing historical rates of smoking prevalence.

Usama Bilal, Esteve Fernández, Paula Beltran, Ana Navas-Acien, Francisco Bolumar, Manuel Franco

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Spatial Trends in Mortality Convergence: The Cases of France, Italy, and Spain, 1975-2019.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  9. Predicting the cancer burden in Catalonia between 2015 and 2025: the challenge of cancer management in the elderly.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2018
    Article
  10. Article
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  12. Review
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  16. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Usama Bilal
Esteve Fernández
Paula Beltran
Ana Navas-Acien
Francisco Bolumar
Manuel Franco

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The validity of methods for reconstructing historical rates of smoking prevalence has not been assessed before. Our objective was to assess their validity. We reconstructed smoking prevalence rates for each calendar year from 1940 to 2007 for men and women in Spain, using data on ages of smoking initiation and cessation available in the Spanish National Health Surveys of 2003-2004 and 2006-2007. To assess the validity of the reconstruction, we computed the differences between the reconstructed smoking prevalence and the contemporary observed smoking prevalence measured in the Spanish National Health Surveys of 1987, 1993, 1995, 1997, and 2001. We also compared reconstructed smoking prevalence trends with 35-year lagged lung cancer mortality rates in Spain as a proxy for the real prevalence trends. Reconstructed smoking prevalence rates compared with contemporary measured rates showed small differences in men (between -2.1% and 2.1%) and an overestimation in women (between 2.0% and 5.7%). Reconstructed smoking prevalence trends were significantly correlated with lagged lung cancer mortality trends (P = 0.004 for men, P < 0.0001 for women). The reconstruction of smoking prevalence rates through this methodology offers a feasible tool with which countries lacking previous smoking surveys can understand historical trends in their tobacco epidemic, which aids in designing and implementing adequate tobacco control interventions.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansLung NeoplasmsMalePrevalenceReproducibility of ResultsSex FactorsSmokingSmoking CessationSpaindeveloping countriesprevention and controlsmokingstatistical modelsvalidation studies

Identifiers

PMID24077091

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.