ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2013
The FSHD2 gene SMCHD1 is a modifier of disease severity in families affected by FSHD1.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid nanoparticle delivery of antisense gapmers attenuates pathology in a mouse model of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Impaired Myogenic Differentiation Is a Shared Feature Across Genetic Myopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Observational
- Genome-wide analysis of FSHD cell lines using Nanopore sequencing reveals allele-specific differences at DUX4 target genes and complex repeats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adaptive response to electrical pulse stimulation is impaired in FSHD myotubes by DUX4 gene network activation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diversity challenges and reconciles genetics in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Journal of human genetics · 2025Review
- DUX4 at 25: how it emerged from "junk DNA" to become the cause of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Skeletal muscle · 2025Review
- Double trouble: a comprehensive study into unrelated genetic comorbidities in adult patients with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Type I.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
- The recent clinical trial of losmapimod for the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Neuromuscular disorders : NMD · 2025Review
- SMCHD1 genetic variants in type 2 facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and challenges in predicting pathogenicity and disease penetrance.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
- Deciphering Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy in the clinical trials era: where are we now?Acta myologica : myopathies and cardiomyopathies : official journal of the Mediterranean Society of Myology · 2025Review
- Review
- SMCHD1 activates the expression of genes required for the expansion of human myoblasts.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- The first genetically confirmed cohort of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy from Northern India.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Article
- Best practice guidelines on genetic diagnostics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Update of the 2012 guidelines.Clinical genetics · 2024Review
- DNMT3B splicing dysregulation mediated by SMCHD1 loss contributes to DUX4 overexpression and FSHD pathogenesis.Science advances · 2024Article
- Engineered FSHD mutations results in D4Z4 heterochromatin disruption and feedforward DUX4 network activation.iScience · 2024Article
- Autosomal dominant in cis D4Z4 repeat array duplication alleles in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 combined with becker muscular dystrophy: a family case report.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- SMCHD1 has separable roles in chromatin architecture and gene silencing that could be targeted in disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) is caused by contraction of the D4Z4 repeat array on chromosome 4 to a size of 1-10 units. The residual number of D4Z4 units inversely correlates with clinical severity, but significant clinical variability exists. Each unit contains a copy of the DUX4 retrogene. Repeat contractions are associated with changes in D4Z4 chromatin structure that increase the likelihood of DUX4 expression in skeletal muscle, but only when the repeat resides in a genetic background that contains a DUX4 polyadenylation signal. Mutations in the structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1) gene, encoding a chromatin modifier of D4Z4, also result in the increased likelihood of DUX4 expression in individuals with a rare form of FSHD (FSHD2). Because SMCHD1 directly binds to D4Z4 and suppresses somatic expression of DUX4, we hypothesized that SMCHD1 may act as a genetic modifier in FSHD1. We describe three unrelated individuals with FSHD1 presenting an unusual high clinical severity based on their upper-sized FSHD1 repeat array of nine units. Each of these individuals also carries a mutation in the SMCHD1 gene. Familial carriers of the FSHD1 allele without the SMCHD1 mutation were only mildly affected, suggesting a modifier effect of the SMCHD1 mutation. Knocking down SMCHD1 in FSHD1 myotubes increased DUX4 expression, lending molecular support to a modifier role for SMCHD1 in FSHD1. We conclude that FSHD1 and FSHD2 share a common pathophysiological pathway in which the FSHD2 gene can act as modifier for disease severity in families affected by FSHD1.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.