ReviewViruses2013
Diagnosis of west nile virus human infections: overview and proposal of diagnostic protocols considering the results of external quality assessment studies.
Review in Viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: Current Management, Emerging Therapies and Future Clinical Trial Priorities.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- West Nile Virus: Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Study in Blood Donors in North Central Anatolia Amid Global Threats.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The diagnostic utility of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity in distinguishing between past and acute infection of West Nile Virus (WNV).Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- New enemies: contribution of CPathogens and global health · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): insights from the WHO's Regional Office.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Efficient Detection of West Nile Virus in Urine Specimens by a Novel In-House RT-qPCR Detection Kit.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and surveillance of West Nile virus in the Mediterranean Basin during 2010-2023: A systematic review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- Serological Survey of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in Wild Birds from Important Migratory Hotspots in Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epidemiologic and environmental characterization of the Re-emergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in California, 2015-2020.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus in Common Wild Avian Species in Israel.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Serological and molecular epidemiology of the Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya viruses in a risk area in Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Observational
- Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies for the Detection of Equine Viral Pathogens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- Evaluation of West Nile Virus Diagnostic Capacities in Veterinary Laboratories of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Evidence of West Nile virus infection in migratory and resident wild birds in west coast of peninsular Malaysia.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Diagnostic Approach for Arboviral Infections in the United States.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Review
- West Nile virus in California, 2003-2018: A persistent threat.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus, genus Flavivirus, is transmitted between birds and occasionally other animals by ornithophilic mosquitoes. This virus also infects humans causing asymptomatic infections in about 85% of cases and <1% of clinical cases progress to severe neuroinvasive disease. The virus also presents a threat since most infections remain unapparent. However, the virus contained in blood and organs from asymptomatically infected donors can be transmitted to recipients of these infectious tissues. This paper reviews the presently available methods to achieve the laboratory diagnosis of West Nile virus infections in humans, discussing the most prominent advantages and disadvantages of each in light of the results obtained during four different External Quality Assessment studies carried out by the European Network for 'Imported' Viral Diseases (ENIVD).
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.