ReviewPsychopharmacology2013
Neurosteroid interactions with synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors: regulation of subunit plasticity, phasic and tonic inhibition, and neuronal network excitability.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 140 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurosteroids and Seizure Activity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Local and global effects of sedation in resting-state fMRI: a randomized, placebo-controlled comparison between etifoxine and alprazolam.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Progesterone Increases Nicotine Withdrawal and Anxiety in Male but Not Female Smokers During Brief Abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- The steroid metabolome in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder during GnRH agonist-induced ovarian suppression: effects of estradiol and progesterone addback.Translational psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Variation in AKR1C3, which encodes the neuroactive steroid synthetic enzyme 3α-HSD type 2 (17β-HSD type 5), moderates the subjective effects of alcohol.Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Article
- Restoration of gamma-aminobutyric acid homeostasis: A novel approach to alleviating central nervous system injury-associated immunodepression syndrome.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Expanding the Horizons of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review of Progestogen-Only and Testosterone-Only Strategies for Tailored Management.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2026Review
- Steroid 5α-reductases in the brain: From neurosteroidogenesis to therapeutic implications.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Assessment of the Acute Toxicity and Anxiolytic-Like Effect of α-Humulene in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- The endogenous cannabinoid system gates plasticity of tonic GABA inhibition.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Neurosteroid-Mediated Neuroprotection via mTORC1/AMPK/BDNF Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Maternal brain alterations based on neurotransmitter and hormone receptor distributions over six months postpartum.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- GABAergic Neuroactive Steroids and Network States: Relevance to Peripartum Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Maternal Milk Allopregnanolone May Buffer Negative Associations Between Maternal Postpartum Psychological Distress and Infant Regulatory Capacity.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Oxysterol signaling in the central nervous system: cellular mechanisms and implications for neurodegeneration.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Epilepsy and exercise: a narrative review on the crucial role of neurosteroids in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Shuyu capsule improves estrous cycle-dependent depression-like behavior in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) mice by increasing GABAergic neuronal activation and downregulating GABAJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- The role of neuroactive steroids in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Neurobiology and therapeutic perspectives.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Neuroactive Steroids as Novel Promising Drugs in Therapy of Postpartum Depression-Focus on Zuranolone.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleNeurosteroids are steroids synthesized within the brain with rapid effects on neuronal excitability. Allopregnanolone, allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and androstanediol are three widely explored prototype endogenous neurosteroids. They have very different targets and functions compared to conventional steroid hormones. Neuronal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABA(A)) receptors are one of the prime molecular targets of neurosteroids.
objectiveThis review provides a critical appraisal of recent advances in the pharmacology of endogenous neurosteroids that interact with GABA(A) receptors in the brain. Neurosteroids possess distinct, characteristic effects on the membrane potential and current conductance of the neuron, mainly via potentiation of GABA(A) receptors at low concentrations and direct activation of receptor chloride channel at higher concentrations. The GABA(A) receptor mediates two types of inhibition, now characterized as synaptic (phasic) and extrasynaptic (tonic) inhibition. Synaptic release of GABA results in the activation of low-affinity γ2-containing synaptic receptors, while high-affinity δ-containing extrasynaptic receptors are persistently activated by the ambient GABA present in the extracellular fluid. Neurosteroids are potent positive allosteric modulators of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and therefore enhance both phasic and tonic inhibition. Tonic inhibition is specifically more sensitive to neurosteroids. The resulting tonic conductance generates a form of shunting inhibition that controls neuronal network excitability, seizure susceptibility, and behavior.
conclusionThe growing understanding of the mechanisms of neurosteroid regulation of the structure and function of the synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors provides many opportunities to create improved therapies for sleep, anxiety, stress, epilepsy, and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.