ArticlePloS one2013
The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) life cycle has only two Chalimus stages.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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71 citing papers in PubMed, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behaviour and Dispersal of Mobile Salmon Lice When Detached From the Host.Journal of fish diseases · 2025Article
- Evidence for the Evolution of Resistance to Non-Chemical Parasite Controls: Salmon Lice From Submerged Cages Produce Larvae That Swim Deeper.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Trends in Abundance of Sea Lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi on Juvenile Wild Pacific Salmon Unchanged Following Cessation of Salmon Aquaculture in Coastal British Columbia.Journal of fish diseases · 2025Article
- Local inflammation at the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) attachment site contributes to copepodid rejection in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Salmon Louse Infestation Impairs the Long-Term Survival of Sea-Run Brown Trout.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Sea lice infestation dataset for wild and farmed salmon populations on the Pacific coast of Canada (2001-2023).Scientific data · 2025Article
- Physiological responses in sea trout to repeated salmon louse infections and freshwater.Conservation physiology · 2025Article
- Sea lice (Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Parasite scars: the impact of salmon lice injury on sea trout populations.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Major vault protein is part of an extracellular cement material in the Atlantic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Proof-of-Concept Study to Develop a Peptide-Based Vaccine against Salmon Lice Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (Vaccines · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of two salmon louse heme peroxidases and their potential as vaccine antigens.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Repeated exposure affects susceptibility and responses of Atlantic salmon (Parasitology · 2023Article
- Aquaculture-driven evolution of the salmon louse mtDNA genome.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Are We Ready to Get Rid of the Terms "Chalimus" and "Preadult" in the Caligid (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae) Life Cycle Nomenclature?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Applying genetic technologies to combat infectious diseases in aquaculture.Reviews in aquaculture · 2023Review
- A modeling study of the impact of treatment policies on the evolution of resistance in sea lice on salmon farms.PloS one · 2023Article
- In sea trout, the physiological response to salmon louse is stronger in female than in males.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Each year the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirussalmonis Krøyer, 1838) causes multi-million dollar commercial losses to the salmon farming industry world-wide, and strict lice control regimes have been put in place to reduce the release of salmon louse larvae from aquaculture facilities into the environment. For half a century, the Lepeophtheirus life cycle has been regarded as the only copepod life cycle including 8 post-nauplius instars as confirmed in four different species, including L. salmonis. Here we prove that the accepted life cycle of the salmon louse is wrong. By observations of chalimus larvae molting in incubators and by morphometric cluster analysis, we show that there are only two chalimus instars: chalimus 1 (comprising the former chalimus I and II stages which are not separated by a molt) and chalimus 2 (the former chalimus III and IV stages which are not separated by a molt). Consequently the salmon louse life cycle has only six post-nauplius instars, as in other genera of caligid sea lice and copepods in general. These findings are of fundamental importance in experimental studies as well as for interpretation of salmon louse biology and for control and management of this economically important parasite.
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