ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2014
Diagnostics and treatment of cryoglobulinaemia: it takes two to tango.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long Term Follow-Up of Patients with Cryoglobulinemia After Successful Treatment of Chronic C Virus Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics, radiological features and outcomes in pulmonary involvement of cryoglobulinemia.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Article
- Screening for type II hereditary angioedema-the "poor man's c1-inhibitor function".The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among patients with arthralgia: is it logic for screening?Virology journal · 2023Observational
- Letter to the editor: "Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination".Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Article
- Non HCV-Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis With Biopsy-Proven Renal Involvement: The Effects of Rituximab.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- [Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with type Ⅱ cryoglobulinemia].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2021Article
- False-seronegative HCV infection motivated by interference with cryoglobulins.Advances in laboratory medicine · 2021Article
- Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of type I cryoglobulinemia in Chinese patients: a single-center study of 45 patients.Annals of hematology · 2020Article
- Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias.Current rheumatology reports · 2019Review
- The challenge of treating orphan disease.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2014Article
- Vasculitis with renal involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: Case report and mini-review.World journal of clinical cases · 2014Article
- Non-infectious cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas): update on clinical and therapeutic approach.Current rheumatology reports · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate in the cold. They come in different flavours and, as such, are differentially associated with lymphoproliferative diseases (type I), or systemic autoimmune diseases, and/or infectious diseases (type II/III). The clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinaemia result from either hyper-viscosity or small vessel vasculitis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a well-known factor in the aetiology of cryoglobulinaemia, but substantial geographical differences exist in the association between cryoglobulins and HCV. In the absence of any underlying disease, cryoglobulinaemia is referred to as 'idiopathic' or 'essential'. Detection of cryoglobulins in the laboratory is hampered by several pitfalls, in particular in the pre-analytical stage as well as in the quantification. In addition, our personal experience reveals that the detection of rheumatoid factor, most often present in high concentrations in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, relies on the choice of the test system. Hence, interpretation of the laboratory results in relation to the clinical manifestations requires a partnership between the clinician and the laboratory specialist in order to make a correct diagnosis. Treatment options are primarily directed by identification of underlying diseases, i.e. infections or systemic autoimmune diseases. Idiopathic cryoglobulinaemia is treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppression, or B cell depleting anti-CD20 biologicals. In this overview, the recent literature on current laboratory and clinical practice of cryoglobulinaemia is discussed from a personal perspective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.