ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Photoreceptor cells are major contributors to diabetes-induced oxidative stress and local inflammation in the retina.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 239 papers.
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Who cites it
239 citing papers in PubMed, 329 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic Diseases and the Eye: A Translational Perspective on Diabetes.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Retinal Capillary Loss Is More Severe in the Midperiphery Than in the Macula in Eyes With Diabetic Retinopathy Compared to Healthy Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Baseline Deep Capillary Plexus Ischemia Predicts Earlier Diabetic Retinopathy Complications Than Foveal Avascular Enlargement.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Validation of Deep Capillary Plexus OCTA Metrics as Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy Complications: A One-Year Longitudinal Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Explaining Retinal Susceptibility to Diabetes Through Photoreceptor Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Transplantation in the Eye: A Review and Evaluation of Surgical Approaches.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rod Pathway Dysfunction in Early-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy Assessed by ERG and Pupillometry.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Everolimus suppresses glucose transporter 3 membrane trafficking to improve therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in diabetic retinopathy.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Exercise-Induced Irisin: A Novel Strategy for Neuroinflammation Alleviation and Neurorepair in Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Theophylline Inhibits Capillary Degeneration in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Baseline Nonperfusion and Deep Capillary Plexus Ischemia Predict Two-Year Retinal Nonperfusion Progression in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Observational
- Ferroptosis-Mediated Cell-Specific Damage: Molecular Cascades and Therapeutic Breakthroughs in Diabetic Retinopathy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unveiling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy with human retinal organoids.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Macular Deep Capillary Plexus Ischemia as a Biomarker for Identifying Referable Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Review
- Retinal Gatekeepers: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Role of Cysteine and Selenocysteine.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Importance of Matching Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics to Diabetic Retinopathy Severity for Detecting Progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Observational
- Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Therapeutic Role of Natural Polyphenols.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
179 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that photoreceptor cells play a previously unappreciated role in the development of early stages of diabetic retinopathy, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not clear. Inhibition of oxidative stress is known to inhibit the vascular lesions of early diabetic retinopathy, and we investigated whether the diabetes-induced oxidative stress in the retina emanates from photoreceptors. Superoxide generation was assessed in retinas of male C57BL/6J mice made diabetic for 2 mo (4 mo of age when killed) using histochemical (dichlorofluorescein and dihydroethidine) and bioluminescence (lucigenin) methods. Photoreceptors were eliminated in vivo by genetic (opsin(-/-)) and chemical (iodoacetic acid) techniques. Immunoblots were used to measure expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. Diabetes increased the generation of superoxide by diabetic mouse retina more at night than during the day. Photoreceptors were the major source of reactive oxygen species in the retina, and their deletion (either genetically in opsin(-/-) mice or acutely with iodoacetic acid) inhibited the expected diabetes-induced increase in superoxide and inflammatory proteins in the remaining retina. Both mitochondria and NADPH oxidase contributed to the observed retinal superoxide generation, which could be inhibited in vivo with either methylene blue or apocynin. Photoreceptors are the major source of superoxide generated by retinas of diabetic mice. Pharmaceuticals targeting photoreceptor oxidative stress could offer a unique therapy for diabetic retinopathy.
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