ArticleFrontiers in immunology2013
Th1/M1 conversion to th2/m2 responses in models of inflammation lacking cell death stimulates maturation of monocyte precursors to fibroblasts.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term outcomes and prognostic predictors in patients with fibrosing mediastinitis associated pulmonary hypertension: a multicenter cohort study.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies of Macrophage Involvement in the Progression From Hypertension to Heart Failure.International journal of hypertension · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration and M2-Like Macrophage Biomarker Expression Patterns in Atrial Fibrillation.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Roles of IL-33 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Disorders.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Article
- Innate immune biology in age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Macrophages as a "weapon" in anticancer cellular immunotherapy.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- Takotsubo syndrome: hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or both? A case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2021Article
- Treatment with a DC-SIGN ligand reduces macrophage polarization and diastolic dysfunction in the aging female but not male mouse hearts.GeroScience · 2021Article
- Galectin 3 and non-classical monocytes of blood as myocardial remodeling factors at ischemic cardiomyopathy.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2021Article
- An exploratory analysis of extracellular vesicle-associated and soluble cytokines in cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Anti-S100A4 Antibody Therapy Is Efficient in Treating Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Reversing Immunosuppression: Serum and BiopsyMolecular cancer therapeutics · 2020Article
- Increased phagocytosis in the presence of enhanced M2-like macrophage responses correlates with increased primary and latent HSV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- TAM receptors in cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular research · 2019Review
- Deacylcynaropicrin Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK and Promoting M2 Polarization of Macrophages.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- CCL2 in the Circulation Predicts Long-Term Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Early Systemic Sclerosis: Data From Two Independent Cohorts.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2017Article
- Cardiac Fibroblast Activation Post-Myocardial Infarction: Current Knowledge Gaps.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2017Review
- Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2017Review
- Phosphocholine-containing ligands direct CRP induction of M2 macrophage polarization independent of T cell polarization: Implication for chronic inflammatory states.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2016Article
- Plasma Levels of Endothelial Microparticles Bearing Monomeric C-reactive Protein are Increased in Peripheral Artery Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have demonstrated that cardiac fibrosis arises from the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblasts. We present here evidence that this process requires sequential Th1 and Th2 induction promoting analogous M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophage polarity. Our models are: (1) mice subjected to daily repetitive ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) without infarction and (2) the in vitro transmigration of human mononuclear leukocytes through human cardiac microvascular endothelium. In the mouse heart, leukocytes entered after I/R in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is the major cytokine induced by this protocol. Monocytes within the heart then differentiated into fibroblasts making collagen while bearing the markers of M2 macrophages. T cells were seen in these hearts as well as in the human heart with cardiomyopathy. In the in vitro model, transmigration of the leukocytes was likewise induced by MCP-1 and some monocytes matured into fibroblasts bearing M2 markers. In this model, the MCP-1 stimulus induced a transient Th1 and M1 response that developed into a predominantly Th2 and M2 response. An increase in the Th2 product IL-13 was present in both the human and the mouse models, consistent with its known role in fibrosis. In these simplified models, in which there is no cell death to stimulate an anti-inflammatory response, there is nonetheless a resolution of inflammation enabling a profibrotic environment. This induces the maturation of monocyte precursors into fibroblasts.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.