SynthesisDiabetes care2013
Secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Postprandial glucose-lowering effect of premeal consumption of protein-enriched, dietary fiber-fortified bar in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or normal glucose tolerance.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018Trial
- IDegLira Improves Both Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Control as Demonstrated Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and a Standardized Meal Test.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015 · on this mapTrial
- GIP in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease: From Physiology to Pharmacology.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Do Fasting GLP-1 and GIP Levels Predict the Initial Pharmacological Response to Semaglutide and Tirzepatide?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinctive patterns of glucagon and incretin responses to oral and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose load in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- White adipose tissue expansion as the driver of insulin resistance and secondary endocrine disturbances in obesity- a narrative review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- The molecular mechanisms of incretin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Review
- Gut Peptide Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Altered GIP/GLP-1 Secretion Ratio is Associated With Impaired β Cell Function in Humans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Incretin system and glucagon secretion in patients with chronic pancreatitis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Enteroendocrine cell differentiation: Implications for human disease.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2025Review
- Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in Incretin Physiology: Role in Health and Disease.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Regulation of glucose metabolism by incretins: implications for treatment of type 2 diabetes.Diabetology international · 2025Review
- May Patients Receiving GLP-1 Agonists Be at Lower Risk of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Progression?Cancers · 2025Review
- Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Incretin-based therapy: a new horizon in diabetes management.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects during oral glucose or meal tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsEligible trials were identified by The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Data were retrieved and random-effects models for the primary meta-analysis, random-effects meta-regression, and subgroup and regression analyses were applied.
resultsRandom-effects meta-analysis of GIP responses in 23 trials during 28 different stimulation tests showed that patients with type 2 diabetes (n=363) exhibited no significant differences (P=not significant) in peak plasma GIP, total area under the curve (tAUC), time-corrected tAUC (tAUC×min(-1)), and time-corrected incremental area under the curve (iAUC×min(-1)) in comparison with nondiabetic control subjects (n=325) but had lower GIP responses as evaluated from iAUC (weighted mean difference, -648 pmol/L×min; 95% CI, -1,276 to -21). Fixed-effects models meta-analyses confirmed most of the results of the primary meta-analysis but showed iAUC×min(-1) to be reduced and showed tAUC and tAUC×min(-1) to be higher in diabetic patients. Random-effects meta-regression of the primary meta-analysis showed that age (peak GIP, tAUC, iAUC, and iAUC×min(-1)), BMI (tAUC, iAUC, and iAUC×min(-1)), and HbA1c (iAUC and iAUC×min(-1)) predicted some of the GIP outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analysis showed a negative influence of age and of HbA1c on GIP responses and showed a positive influence of BMI on GIP responses.
conclusionsOur results suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes are characterized by preserved GIP secretion in response to oral glucose and meal tests. They also suggest that high BMI is associated with increased GIP responses but increasing age and HbA1c are associated with reduced GIP secretion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.