ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
Potential of the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) telmisartan, irbesartan, and candesartan for inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE axis in prevention and acute treatment of stroke.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of hypertension-associated bacterial key genes as potential targets and therapeutic agents through integrated bioinformatics approach.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children: A Focus on Adenovirus and Mycoplasma Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HMGB1: A New Target for Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- High Mobility Group Box 1 and Cardiovascular Diseases: Study of Act and Connect.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- The role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway in cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury: Implications for the neuroprotective effect of ARBs.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the HMGB1/RAGE Axis in Inflammatory Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cardiovascular Diseases.Inflammation · 2022Review
- Hyperactivated RAGE in Comorbidities as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19-The Role of RAGE-RAS Crosstalk.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Targeting RAGE to prevent SARS-CoV-2-mediated multiple organ failure: Hypotheses and perspectives.Life sciences · 2021Review
- Beneficial role of oleuropein in sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Possible Involvement of GSK-3β/NF-kB pathway.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2021Article
- Exploring the beneficial role of telmisartan in sepsis-induced myocardial injury through inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor-κB pathway.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2020Article
- Reprogramming of Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Peritoneal Diseases by Estrogen Receptor Modulation and TGF-β1 Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Review
- Article
- Modulation of brain ACE and ACE2 may be a promising protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: an experimental trial in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2018Article
- Danger signals in stroke and their role on microglia activation after ischemia.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2018Review
- Edaravone Improves Septic Cardiac Function by Inducing an HIF-1Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Article
- Pivotal neuroinflammatory and therapeutic role of high mobility group box 1 in ischemic stroke.Bioscience reports · 2017Review
- Emerging role of HMGB1 in lung diseases: friend or foe.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The main cause of stroke is atherosclerosis, and the most common risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypertension. Therefore, antihypertensive treatments are recommended for the prevention of stroke. Three angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), telmisartan, irbesartan and candesartan, inhibit the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), which is one of the pleiotropic effects of these drugs. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the ligand of RAGE, and has been recently identified as a lethal mediator of severe sepsis. HMGB1 is an intracellular protein, which acts as an inflammatory cytokine when released into the extracellular milieu. Extracellular HMGB1 causes multiple organ failure and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and stroke. This is the first review of the literature evaluating the potential of three ARBs for the HMGB1-RAGE axis on stroke therapy, including prevention and acute treatment. This review covers clinical and experimental studies conducted between 1976 and 2013. We propose that ARBs, which inhibit the HMGB1/RAGE axis, may offer a novel option for prevention and acute treatment of stroke. However, additional clinical studies are necessary to verify the efficacy of ARBs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.