ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2013
Sex differences in insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- MARCH2: comparative assessment of therapeutic effects of acarbose and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.PloS one · 2014 · on this mapTrial
- Comparative evaluation of nine insulin resistance indices for 10-year coronary artery disease risk prediction in non-diabetic adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting Insulin Resistance Through Nutrition: Pathophysiological Insights and Dietary Interventions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The relationship between IGF-1 and cardiovascular diseases and the potential mediating role of TyG-related index: evidence from a cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Trajectories of plant-based dietary patterns and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health among young Australian adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index: a potent predictor of metabolic risk factors and eating behavior patterns among obese individuals.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Pummelo fruit extract (Toxicology research · 2024Article
- Lack of detectable sex differences in the mitochondrial function of Caenorhabditis elegans.BMC ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Interactions between sex and the age at disease onset on cardiometabolic risk factors in a Ghanaian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Sex-specific DNA methylation and associations withEpigenetics · 2022Article
- Age-Related Sex Differences in Glucose Tolerance by 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Japanese.Nutrients · 2022Article
- An epigenome-wide association study of insulin resistance in African Americans.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic health: the role of adipose tissue, muscle and liver.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches?The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2020Article
- Sex-dependent VEGF expression underlies variations in human pluripotent stem cell to endothelial progenitor differentiation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Metabolic control and sex: A focus on inflammatory-linked mediators.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Sex hormones, aging and cardiometabolic syndrome.Biology of sex differences · 2019Review
- Utility of ALT Concentration in Men and Women with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe possibility that differences in insulin sensitivity explain why women, especially younger women, have a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than men remains an unsettled issue.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether sex disparities in CVD risk are associated with differences in insulin resistance. DESIGN/SETTING/
participantsThis was a cross-sectional study of women (n = 468) and men (n = 354) who had the measurement of CVD risk factors and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration (insulin resistance) using the insulin suppression test. The population was also divided by median age (51 y) to evaluate the effect of age on sex differences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/
resultsIn general, the SSPG concentration was similar between sexes. At higher BMI (≥30 kg/m(2)), women had significantly lower SSPG concentration than men (sex × BMI interaction, P = .001). However, sex differences in CVD risk factors were not due to differences in SSPG but accentuated by a higher degree of insulin resistance in younger (age < 51 y) but not older (≥ 51 y) individuals. In younger individuals, women had significantly (P ≤ .007) lower diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose and triglyceride concentration compared with men in SSPG tertile 3 (most insulin resistant) but not in tertile 1 (least insulin resistant). Older women had lower diastolic blood pressure compared with men, regardless of SSPG. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained higher in women, regardless of age or SSPG.
conclusionsThe female advantage is not due to a difference in insulin action but results from an attenuation of the relationship between insulin resistance and CVD risk, especially in younger individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.