ReviewJournal of pharmacy practice2013
Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection.
Review in Journal of pharmacy practice, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors therapy and risk of Clostridium difficile infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Pooled it
- Assessing the Risk of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium Difficile Infection With Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Meta-Analysis.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- The Risks of Incident and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Pooled it
- PUNCH CD3-OLS: A Phase 3 Prospective Observational Cohort Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA) in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), Among Patients Exposed to Non-Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of Bio-K+ for the prevention ofInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of fecal microbiota, live (RBL) for the prevention of recurrentJournal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Efficacy Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection from Seven Clinical Studies.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Increasing burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in Spain: nationwide trends in hospitalisations, 2016-2023.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Observational
- Risk factors for further recurrences of Clostridioides difficile infection at the first and second recurrence: a retrospective cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Real-World Outcomes of Patients Treated with Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (RBL) for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Prevention of recurrentTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- A New Convenient Method to Assess Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Efficacy against PathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trauma-toxicology: concepts, causes, complications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Retrospective subgroup analysis of fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTATherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Article
- Spatial-temporal simulation for hospital infection spread and outbreaks of Clostridioides difficile.Scientific reports · 2023Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There has been dramatic change in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) since the turn of the 21st century noted by a marked increase in incidence and severity, occurring at a disproportionately higher frequency in older patients. Historically considered a nosocomial infection associated with antibiotic exposure, CDI has now also emerged in the community in populations previously considered low risk. Emerging risk factors and disease recurrence represent continued challenges in the management of CDI. The increased incidence and severity associated with CDI has coincided with the emergence and rapid spread of a previously rare strain, ribotype 027. Recent data from the United States and Europe suggest that the incidence of CDI may have reached a crescendo in the recent years and is perhaps beginning to plateau. The acute care direct costs of CDI were estimated to be US$4.8 billion in 2008. However, nearly all the published studies have focused on CDI diagnosed and treated in the acute care hospital setting and fail to measure the burden outside the hospital, including recently discharged patients, outpatients, and those in long-term care facilities. Enhanced surveillance methods are needed to monitor the incidence, to identify populations at risk, and to characterize the molecular epidemiology of strains causing CDI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.