ArticleNeuroImage2014
Why size matters: differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy: the sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum.
Article in NeuroImage, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex differences in brain homotopic co-activations: a meta-analytic study.Brain structure & function · 2022Pooled it
- Handedness and midsagittal corpus callosum morphology: a meta-analytic evaluation.Brain structure & function · 2022Pooled it
- Human Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Structural, Functional, and Connectional Heterogeneity.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Pooled it
- Psychoradiologic abnormalities of white matter in patients with bipolar disorder: diffusion tensor imaging studies using tract-based spatial statisticsJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2019Pooled it
- Deletion of the X-chromosomal geneScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Increased Callosal Thickness in Early Trained Opera Singers.Brain topography · 2025Article
- "Precision Medicine" and the Failed Search for Binary Brain Sex Differences to Address Gender Behavioral Health Disparities.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Review
- The corpus callosum in people with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Disentangling the effect of sex from brain size on brain organization and cognitive functioning.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism of Radiomic Features in the Brain: An Exploratory Study Using 700 μm MP2RAGE MRI at 7 T.Investigative radiology · 2024Article
- Corpus callosum morphology and relationships to illness phenotypes in individuals with anorexia nervosa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Deep learning with diffusion MRI as in vivo microscope reveals sex-related differences in human white matter microstructure.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the extent of acute axonal pathologies after experimental concussion.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Article
- Subcortical volume in middle-aged adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International).Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Hand preference and the corpus callosum: Is there really no association?Neuroimage. Reports · 2023Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in Brain Lateralisation and Connectivity.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Spectral-based thickness profiling of the corpus callosum enhances anomaly detection in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Confound-leakage: confound removal in machine learning leads to leakage.GigaScience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum. However, the question remains if sex differences in brain size, which typically is larger in men than in women, or biological sex per se account for the apparent sex differences in callosal morphology. Comparing callosal dimensions between men and women matched for overall brain size may clarify the true contribution of biological sex, as any observed group difference should indicate pure sex effects. We thus examined callosal morphology in 24 male and 24 female brains carefully matched for overall size. In addition, we selected 24 extremely large male brains and 24 extremely small female brains to explore if observed sex effects might vary depending on the degree to which male and female groups differed in brain size. Using the individual T1-weighted brain images (n=96), we delineated the corpus callosum at midline and applied a well-validated surface-based mesh-modeling approach to compare callosal thickness at 100 equidistant points between groups determined by brain size and sex. The corpus callosum was always thicker in men than in women. However, this callosal sex difference was strongly determined by the cerebral sex difference overall. That is, the larger the discrepancy in brain size between men and women, the more pronounced the sex difference in callosal thickness, with hardly any callosal differences remaining between brain-size matched men and women. Altogether, these findings suggest that individual differences in brain size account for apparent sex differences in the anatomy of the corpus callosum.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.