ArticleBMC psychiatry2013
Posttraumatic stress and symptom improvement in Norwegian tourists exposed to the 2004 tsunami--a longitudinal study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among displaced people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Mental health burden following extreme weather events in South-east Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Children or adolescents who lost someone close during the Southeast Asia tsunami 2004 - The life as young.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Article
- Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Individual Differences, Economic Stability, and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms in the COVID-19 Emergency.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Increased cognitive control and reduced emotional interference is associated with reduced PTSD symptom severity in a trauma-exposed sample: A preliminary longitudinal study.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2018Article
- Similarity in symptom patterns of posttraumatic stress among disaster-survivors: a three-step latent profile analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2018Article
- Predictors of severe psychological distress trajectory after nuclear disaster: evidence from the Fukushima Health Management Survey.BMJ open · 2016Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Among Resident Survivors of the Tsunami That Followed the Great East Japan Earthquake, March 11, 2011.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2016Article
- The relationship between psychiatric morbidity and quality of life: interview study of Norwegian tsunami survivors 2 and 6 years post-disaster.BMC psychiatry · 2016Article
- Alterations in circadian/seasonal rhythms and vegetative functions are related to suicidality in DSM-5 PTSD.BMC psychiatry · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMental health consequences of disasters are frequently studied. However, few studies have investigated symptom improvement in victims after natural disasters. This study aimed to identify predictors of 6 months post-disaster stress symptoms and to study 6 months and 24 months course of symptoms among Norwegian tourists who experienced the 2004 tsunami.
methodsNorwegian tourists (≥ 18 years) who experienced the 2004 tsunami (n = 2468) were invited to return a postal questionnaire at two points of time. The first data set was collected at 6 months (T1, n = 899) and the second data set at 24 months post-disaster (T2, n = 1180). The population studied consisted of those who responded at both assessments (n = 674). Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) was used to measure posttraumatic stress symptoms. IES-R score ≥ 33 (caseness) was used to identify various symptom trajectories from T1 to T2. Multiple linear regression was used to determine predictors of posttraumatic stress at T1 and to identify variables associated with symptom improvement from T1 to T2.
resultsThe majority was identified as non-case at both assessments (57.7%), while 20.8% of the respondents were identified as case at both assessments. Symptoms at T1 were positively related to female gender, older age, unemployment, being chased or caught by the waves, witnessing death or suffering, loss of loved ones, experiencing intense fear during the disaster, low conscientiousness, neuroticism and low levels of social support. The IES-R sum score declined from 24.6 (SD = 18.5) at T1 to 22.9 (SD = 18.3) at T2, p < 0.001. Emotional stability and high IES-R scores at T1 were positively related to symptom improvement, while received social support was not. Being referred to a mental health specialist was negatively related to symptom improvement.
conclusionsA significant minority (20-30%) among Norwegian tourists developed enduring posttraumatic stress symptoms in the aftermath of the 2004 tsunami. Tsunami exposure, peritraumatic fear, neuroticism and low levels of social support were the strongest predictors of posttraumatic stress at 6 months post-disaster. Decrease in posttraumatic stress was related to emotional stability and higher symptom levels at T1. Being referred to a mental health specialist did not facilitate symptom improvement.
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