ReviewFrontiers in oncology2013
MITF and PAX3 Play Distinct Roles in Melanoma Cell Migration; Outline of a "Genetic Switch" Theory Involving MITF and PAX3 in Proliferative and Invasive Phenotypes of Melanoma.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- MITF Is an Essential and Functionally Multifaceted Transcription Factor in Cutaneous Melanoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- MITF maintains genome stability in nonmelanocyte lineages.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Polymethoxyflavones from Kaempferia parviflora stimulate melanogenesis by blocking the TPC2 channel.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- PAX3 expression patterns in ocular surface melanocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- BRAFClinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of TFE3 fusion protein regulated by androgen receptor are the potential target in the therapy of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Innate immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance is associated with melanoma sub-types exhibiting invasive and de-differentiated gene expression signatures.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Classification and Grading of Melanocytic Lesions in a Mouse Model ofThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2021Article
- Insights into Differentiation of Melanocytes from Human Stem Cells and Their Relevance for Melanoma Treatment.Cancers · 2020Review
- BRN2 expression increases anoikis resistance in melanoma.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Long-Term Vemurafenib Exposure Induced Alterations of Cell Phenotypes in Melanoma: Increased Cell Migration and Its Association with EGFR Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Role of miRNAs in Melanoma Metastasis.Cancers · 2019Review
- Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Regulates Immune Cell Migration into Melanoma.Translational oncology · 2019Article
- Negative Regulatory Loop between Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) and Notch Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- FOXQ1 controls the induced differentiation of melanocytic cells.Cell death and differentiation · 2018Article
- PAX3d mRNA over 2.76 copies/µL in the bloodstream predicts cutaneous malignant melanoma relapse.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melanoma is a very aggressive neoplasm with a propensity to undergo progression and invasion early in its evolution. The molecular pathways underpinning invasion in melanoma are now just beginning to be elucidated, but a clear understanding of the transition from non-invasive to invasive melanoma cells remains elusive. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), is thought to be a central player in melanoma biology, and it controls many aspects of the phenotypic expression of the melanocytic lineage. However, recently the paired box transcription factor PAX3 was shown to transcriptionally activate POU3F2/BRN2, leading to direct repression of MITF expression. Here we present a theory to explain melanoma phenotype switching and discuss the predictions that this theory makes. One prediction is that independent and opposing roles for MITF and PAX3 in melanoma would be expected, and we present empirical evidence supporting this: in melanoma tissues PAX3 expression occurs independently of MITF, and PAX3 does not play a key role in melanoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of PAX3 inhibits cell migration in a group of "lower MITF" melanoma cell lines, while knockdown of MITF promotes cell migration in a complementary "higher MITF" group of melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the morphological effects of knocking down PAX3 versus MITF in melanoma cells were found to differ. While these data support the notion of independent roles for MITF and PAX3, additional experiments are required to provide robust examination of the proposed genetic switch theory. Only upon clear delineation of the mechanisms associated with progression and invasion of melanoma cells will successful treatments for invasive melanoma be developed.
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