ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports2013
Dimethyl fumarate for treatment of multiple sclerosis: mechanism of action, effectiveness, and side effects.
Review in Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fumarate and Its Esters: Physiology, Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, Diseases, and Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 mediates therapy-dependent expression of CCL5, CXCL10 and MMP9 in multiple sclerosis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Dimethyl fumarate as an immunomodulatory enhancer of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic implications.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Article
- Rutin attenuates cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice through activation of Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of NF-κB.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Glial Cytokine and Metabolic Networks in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dimethyl fumarate abrogates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by inhibiting Nrf2/Bcl-xL axis and enhances sorafenib's efficacy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Dimethyl fumarate effects on paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the mycobiota in multiple sclerosis: its influence on disease development and progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of Different Treatments on Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for the Intranasal Administration of Dimethyl Fumarate.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Sulforaphane's Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)-Dependent and -Independent Mechanism of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Gene-Switch Platform Interfacing with Reactive Oxygen Species Enables Transcription Fine-Tuning by Soluble and Volatile Pharmacologics and Food Additives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Evolving Role of Monomethyl Fumarate Treatment as Pharmacotherapy for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Observational
- Clinical Experience with Dimethyl Fumarate and Natalizumab in Pregnant Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Four-Patient Case Series.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2024Article
- Immune cell targeted fumaric esters support a role of GPR109A as a primary target of monomethyl fumarate in vivo.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Iranian specialists' approach to treatment escalation in multiple sclerosis patients with cognitive impairment.Current journal of neurology · 2023Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate is an orally available treatment option for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in a new formulation with improved gastroenteric coating. The mode of action comprises immunomodulatory effects and an activation of nuclear (erythroid-derived 2) related factor mediated antioxidative response pathways leading to additional cytoprotective effects. In two pivotal phase III trials, dimethyl fumarate, 240 mg twice daily, reduced relapse rates by about 50 % as compared with placebo. In the DEFINE trial, progression of disability was also significantly reduced. Both trials demonstrated a significant reduction of gadolinium-enhanced lesions as well as T2 lesions on cranial MRI. The studies revealed a beneficial safety profile of dimethyl fumarate. The most prevalent side effects were transient flushing and gastrointestinal tract irritation. Dimethyl fumarate has recently been approved in the USA for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. The compound is a welcome addition to the immunomodulatory treatment armamentarium for MS patients and physicians alike.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.