ArticlePloS one2013
Alkaline pH Is a signal for optimal production and secretion of the heat labile toxin, LT in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- The Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase CpdA Modulates cAMP Homeostasis, Stress Adaptability, Biofilm Formation, Motility, Quorum Sensing and Antibiotic Resistance ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Screening of Neutralizing Antibodies against FaeG Protein of EnterotoxigenicVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of supplementation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Role of mucus-bacteria interactions in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 virulence and interplay with human microbiome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Article
- Analysis of Growth Phases of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Reveals a Distinct Transition Phase before Entry into Early Stationary Phase with Shifts in Tryptophan, Fucose, and Putrescine Metabolism and Degradation of Neurotransmitter Precursors.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modulate the Production of Enterotoxins by Porcine EnterotoxigenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- ABToxins · 2022Review
- Two Faces of Fermented Foods-The Benefits and Threats of Its Consumption.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals That KguR Broadly Impacts the Physiology of UropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Spatial and temporal modulation of enterotoxigenic E. coli H10407 pathogenesis and interplay with microbiota in human gut models.BMC biology · 2020Article
- Strain-specific transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of heat-labile toxin expression by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Proteomic analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in neutral and alkaline conditions.BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.EcoSal Plus · 2016Review
- The different ecological niches of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Environmental microbiology · 2016Review
- The LT1 and LT2 variants of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile toxin (LT) are associated with major ETEC lineages.Gut microbes · 2016Article
- IscR Regulates Synthesis of Colonization Factor Antigen I Fimbriae in Response to Iron Starvation in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Journal of bacteriology · 2015Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of a multiple antimicrobial resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli O157 lineage from Australian pigs.BMC genomics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause secretory diarrhea in children and travelers to endemic areas. ETEC spreads through the fecal-oral route. After ingestion, ETEC passes through the stomach and duodenum before it colonizes the lower part of the small intestine, exposing bacteria to a wide range of pH and environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the impact of external pH and activity of the Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) on the regulation of production and secretion of heat labile (LT) enterotoxin. ETEC strain E2863wt and its isogenic mutant E2863ΔCRP were grown in LBK media buffered to pH 5, 7 and 9. GM1 ELISA, cDNA and cAMP analyses were carried out on bacterial pellet and supernatant samples derived from 3 and 5 hours growth and from overnight cultures. We confirm that CRP is a repressor of LT transcription and production as has been shown before but we show for the first time that CRP is a positive regulator of LT secretion both in vitro and in vivo. LT secretion increased at neutral to alkaline pH compared to acidic pH 5 where secretion was completely inhibited. At pH 9 secretion of LT was optimal resulting in 600 percent increase of secreted LT compared to unbuffered LBK media. This effect was not due to membrane leakage since the bacteria were viable at pH 9. The results indicate that the transition to the alkaline duodenum and/or exposure to high pH close to the epithelium as well as activation of the global transcription factor CRP are signals that induce secretion of the LT toxin in ETEC.
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