ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2014
Prevalence of causes of secondary osteoporosis and contribution to lower bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV and Vertebral Fractures: a Systematic Review and Metanalysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Differential skeletal impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in young versus old HIV-infected adults.HIV clinical trialsTrial
- Exploring molecular links between obesity and osteoporosis: insights from in-silico analysis and mannose supplementation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unravelling hip-spine bone mineral density discordance in people living with HIV.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022Article
- Impact of hypogonadism on bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in HIV-infected men.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Article
- Bone Diseases in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Alcohol Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in People with HIV and Substance Use Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Study.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- Prevalence of and risk factors for low bone mineral density in Spanish treated HIV-infected patients.PloS one · 2018Article
- Occurrence, patterns & predictors of hypogonadism in patients with HIV infection in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2017Article
- Lifetime and recent alcohol use and bone mineral density in adults with HIV infection and substance dependence.Medicine · 2017Observational
- Article
- Serum total estradiol, but not testosterone is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected men: a cross-sectional, observational study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Observational
- HCV treatment in children and young adults with HIV/HCV co-infection in Europe.Journal of virus eradication · 2015Article
- Effect of a monthly dose of calcidiol in improving vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in HIV-infected patients.Endocrine · 2015Observational
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Especially Efavirenz, Is Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected South Africans.PloS one · 2015Article
- Osteoporosis and fractures in liver disease: relevance, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
summaryEighty-one percent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients had one or more of seven evaluated causes of secondary osteoporosis, and this rate increases with age. The type and number of causes were associated with a lower bone mineral density (BMD), and with an increased rate of osteopenia/osteoporosis, regardless of age and body mass index.
introductionThe objective of this study was to determine whether factors of secondary osteoporosis were associated with lower BMD in HIV.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 285 HIV-infected patients (25 % females) evaluating the impact of seven different factors of reduced BMD: hyperthyroidism, diabetes, chronic viral hepatitis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypovitaminosis D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypogonadism. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan of the femoral neck was obtained at the clinical visit.
resultsMean age was 45.7 years; osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 38 and 6 %, respectively. Overall, 230 patients (81 %) had secondary factors; 107 (38 %) had only 1 cause, 94 (33 %) had 2, and 28 (10 %) had 3 or more, predominantly vitamin D deficiency in 61 %, hepatitis C virus coinfection in 45 %, and secondary hyperparathyroidism in 27 %. The number of secondary factors was closely related to a lower BMD, which is statistically significant for patients having ≥2 causes (0.77 vs 0.73 g/cm(2), p = 0.02). The rate of osteopenia ranged from 36 % without any cause to 57 % with three or more, osteoporosis from 0 to 19 %, and Z-score <-2 SD from 0 to 27 %, respectively. In a multivariate linear regression, adjusting by age, body mass index, and HIV-related factors, the number of secondary factors was independently associated with a lower BMD (ß coefficient -0.134; p = 0.02), mainly due to patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and CKD.
conclusionsA high prevalence of secondary causes of osteoporosis is observed in HIV-infected patients, and its type and cumulative number determine a lower BMD, after adjusting by age and body mass index.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.