ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2014
Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of hyaluronan synthase isoenzymes.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells alleviate acute radiation-induced dermatitis through up-regulating hyaluronic acid synthase 1 expression.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Impact of Hyaluronic Acid on the Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Microenvironment: A Novel Anti-Tumor Mechanism of Bexarotene.Cancers · 2025Article
- Review
- The roles of hyaluronan in kidney development, physiology and disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Mechanobiology of Hyaluronan: Connecting Biomechanics and Bioactivity in Musculoskeletal Tissues.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- The role of hyaluronan in endothelial glycocalyx and potential preventative lifestyle strategy with advancing age.Current topics in membranes · 2023Article
- Hyaluronan Synthase 1: A Novel Candidate Gene Associated With Late-Onset Non-syndromic Hereditary Hearing Loss.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- Hyaluronan, a double-edged sword in kidney diseases.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Organic-Inorganic Composites for Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Autocrine Hyaluronan Influences Sprouting and Lumen Formation During HUVEC Tubulogenesis In Vitro.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2021Article
- C1q-HA Matrix Regulates the Local Synthesis of Hyaluronan in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Modulating HAS3 Expression.Cancers · 2021Article
- Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: How to Be a Potential Aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Roles of Endovascular Calyx Related Enzymes in Endothelial Dysfunction and Diabetic Vascular Complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Mechanistic Insight on the Interaction between OPN and IntegrinBioMed research international · 2020Article
- Defective lung function following influenza virus is due to prolonged, reversible hyaluronan synthesis.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2019Article
- Article
- Dissecting the Dual Nature of Hyaluronan in the Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- cAMP attenuates TGF-β's profibrotic responses in osteoarthritic synoviocytes: involvement of hyaluronan and PRG4.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2018Article
- ΔNp63 regulates the expression of hyaluronic acid-related genes in breast cancer cells.Oncogenesis · 2018Article
- Hyaluronan Regulates Eyelid and Meibomian Gland Morphogenesis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hyaluronan synthases (HAS) are unique plasma membrane glycosyltransferases secreting this glycosaminoglycan directly to the extracellular space. The three HAS isoenzymes (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) expressed in mammalian cells differ in their enzymatic properties and regulation by external stimuli, but clearly distinct functions have not been established. To overview the expression of different HAS isoenzymes during embryonic development and their subcellular localization, we immunostained mouse embryonic samples and cultured cells with HAS antibodies, correlating their distribution to hyaluronan staining. Their subcellular localization was further studied by GFP-HAS fusion proteins. Intense hyaluronan staining was observed throughout the development in the tissues of mesodermal origin, like heart and cartilages, but also for example during the maturation of kidneys and stratified epithelia. In general, staining for one or several HASs correlated with hyaluronan staining. The staining of HAS2 was most widespread, both spatially and temporally, correlating with hyaluronan staining especially in early mesenchymal tissues and heart. While epithelial cells were mostly negative for HASs, stratified epithelia became HAS positive during differentiation. All HAS isoenzymes showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, both in tissue sections and cultured cells, while plasma membrane staining was also detected, often in cellular extensions. HAS1 had brightest signal in Golgi, HAS3 in Golgi and microvillous protrusions, whereas most of the endogenous HAS2 immunoreactivity was localized in the ER. This differential pattern was also observed with transfected GFP-HASs. The large proportion of intracellular HASs suggests that HAS forms a reserve that is transported to the plasma membrane for rapid activation of hyaluronan synthesis.
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