ArticleNature medicine2013
CSF-1R inhibition alters macrophage polarization and blocks glioma progression.
Article in Nature medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,522 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1,522 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2,418 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic regulation and immunosuppressive functions of lipid-associated macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
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- The 15-year bibliometric landscape of glioblastoma vaccines: Emergence of combinatorial immunotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
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- Convection-enhanced delivery of dexamethasone in glioma models suppresses myeloid inflammation while avoiding systemic toxicities.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics identifies lineage-dependent myeloid cells recruitment and the APP-CD74 axis as an immunoregulatory target in pediatric high-grade glioma.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Immune-pressure redistribution in resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic design.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Glioma microenvironment: Cellular crosstalk, immunosuppression, and novel therapeutic perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- TALAVE in Breast Cancer:bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chromosomal instability in cancer: sources, consequences and new therapeutic opportunities.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Next-generation therapeutics for glioblastoma: Challenges and future directions.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
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- Reduced colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor expression in myeloid cells has limited impact on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progression.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- UTMD Suppresses CSF-1 to Drive Macrophage-Mediated Ferroptosis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological roles of monocytes and macrophages in cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- The intersection of chemokine signaling with the hallmarks of cancer in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Immune niches in brain tumors: glial-immune cell interactions and spatial microdomains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Review
1,462 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) comprises several molecular subtypes, including proneural GBM. Most therapeutic approaches targeting glioma cells have failed. An alternative strategy is to target cells in the glioma microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs). Macrophages depend on colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) for differentiation and survival. We used an inhibitor of the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) to target TAMs in a mouse proneural GBM model, which significantly increased survival and regressed established tumors. CSF-1R blockade additionally slowed intracranial growth of patient-derived glioma xenografts. Surprisingly, TAMs were not depleted in treated mice. Instead, glioma-secreted factors, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), facilitated TAM survival in the context of CSF-1R inhibition. Expression of alternatively activated M2 markers decreased in surviving TAMs, which is consistent with impaired tumor-promoting functions. These gene signatures were associated with enhanced survival in patients with proneural GBM. Our results identify TAMs as a promising therapeutic target for proneural gliomas and establish the translational potential of CSF-1R inhibition for GBM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.