ArticleNature medicine2013
Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza.
Article in Nature medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 606 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
606 citing papers in PubMed, 886 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral live attenuated polio vaccines induce enhanced T-cell responses with broad antigen recognition compared to inactivated polio vaccines.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2026Trial
- Superior antibody and membrane protein-specific T-cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Trial
- Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalating Study to Evaluate OVX836, a Nucleoprotein-Based Influenza Vaccine: Intramuscular Results.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Durable T-cellular and humoral responses in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized and community patients.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Deciphering influenza B virus-derived peptides and their presentation by HLA class I molecules.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The ageing immune system and its battle with viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Qualitative Superiority, Not Magnitude, of Lung-Resident CD8Immune network · 2026Article
- Renaissance of antiviral CD8Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Innate immune responsiveness predicts enhanced cellular immunity and symptomatic disease after controlled human influenza infection.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Multiomic analysis identifies glutaminolysis-dependent metabolic enhancement of immune memory utilised for vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses after influenza virus infection in community-dwelling older adults.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- A TRAC-478-adjuvanted recombinant N1 neuraminidase influenza virus vaccine induces balanced and broadly protective immune responses.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Preexisting Humoral Immunity Against Seasonal Coronaviruses Enhances Antibody Responses on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of an mRNA vaccine developed from the first human isolate of bovine H5N1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Meeting Report: Fourth Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Improved cross-protection and immunity against influenza A virus in mice using a novel mRNA vaccine with optimized design of RNA sequence.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Broad beta-CoV immunity and transmission blockade by a single-dose live-attenuated vaccine with atypical codon usage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
546 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The role of T cells in mediating heterosubtypic protection against natural influenza illness in humans is uncertain. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) provided a unique natural experiment to determine whether crossreactive cellular immunity limits symptomatic illness in antibody-naive individuals. We followed 342 healthy adults through the UK pandemic waves and correlated the responses of pre-existing T cells to the pH1N1 virus and conserved core protein epitopes with clinical outcomes after incident pH1N1 infection. Higher frequencies of pre-existing T cells to conserved CD8 epitopes were found in individuals who developed less severe illness, with total symptom score having the strongest inverse correlation with the frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)(+) interleukin-2 (IL-2)(-) CD8(+) T cells (r = -0.6, P = 0.004). Within this functional CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)IL-2(-) population, cells with the CD45RA(+) chemokine (C-C) receptor 7 (CCR7)(-) phenotype inversely correlated with symptom score and had lung-homing and cytotoxic potential. In the absence of crossreactive neutralizing antibodies, CD8(+) T cells specific to conserved viral epitopes correlated with crossprotection against symptomatic influenza. This protective immune correlate could guide universal influenza vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.