ArticleNeurobiology of learning and memory2014
Extinguishing trace fear engages the retrosplenial cortex rather than the amygdala.
Article in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retrosplenial cortical reorganization during late adolescence introduces instability of contextual memory circuits.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- The Timing of Attentional Distraction Matters in Facilitating Extinction of Trace Fear Memory.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Response dynamics of discrete subiculum→retrosplenial cortex projections underlying trace fear conditioning.iScience · 2026Article
- Single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomic signature of the retrosplenial cortex during memory consolidation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Differential modulation of aversive signaling by expectation across the cingulate cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unique Transcriptomic Cell Types of the Granular Retrosplenial Cortex Are Preserved across Mice and Rats despite Dramatic Changes in Key Marker Genes.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Adolescent alcohol exposure disrupts extinction learning and retrosplenial cortex physiology in adult males.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Retrosplenial Cortical Reorganization During Late Adolescence Introduces Instability of Episodic Memory Circuits.Research square · 2025Article
- Psilocybin-enhanced fear extinction linked to bidirectional modulation of cortical ensembles.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Medial Amygdalar Tau Is Associated With Mood Symptoms in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2024Article
- Post-conditioning sleep deprivation facilitates delay and trace fear memory extinction.Molecular brain · 2024Article
- Medial amygdalar tau is associated with anxiety symptoms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Fear extinction is impaired in aged rats.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Psilocybin-enhanced fear extinction linked to bidirectional modulation of cortical ensembles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Retrosplenial cortex and aversive conditioning.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Review
- Unique roles for the anterior and posterior retrosplenial cortices in encoding and retrieval of memory for context.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Optogenetic inhibition of either the anterior or posterior retrosplenial cortex disrupts retrieval of a trace, but not delay, fear memory.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2021Article
- Contributions of the rodent cingulate-retrosplenial cortical axis to associative learning and memory: A proposed circuit for persistent memory maintenance.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extinction learning underlies the treatment for a variety of anxiety disorders. Most of what is known about the neurobiology of extinction is based on standard "delay" fear conditioning, in which awareness is not required for learning. Little is known about how complex, explicit associations extinguish, however. "Trace" conditioning is considered to be a rodent model of explicit fear because it relies on both the cortex and hippocampus and requires explicit contingency awareness in humans. Here, we explore the neural circuit supporting trace fear extinction in order to better understand how complex memories extinguish. We first show that the amygdala is selectively involved in delay fear extinction; blocking intra-amygdala glutamate receptors disrupted delay, but not trace extinction. Further, ERK phosphorylation was increased in the amygdala after delay, but not trace extinction. We then identify the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) as a key structure supporting trace extinction. ERK phosphorylation was selectively increased in the RSC following trace extinction and blocking intra-RSC NMDA receptors impaired trace, but not delay extinction. These findings indicate that delay and trace extinction require different neural circuits; delay extinction requires plasticity in the amygdala whereas trace extinction requires the RSC. Anxiety disorders linked to explicit memory may therefore depend on cortical processes that have not been traditionally targeted by extinction studies based on delay fear.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.