ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2013
Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after exposure to phenobarbital and levetiracetam for the treatment of neonatal seizures.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Levetiracetam versus Phenobarbitone for Management of Neonatal Seizures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-seizure medications for neonates with seizures.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam vs. Phenobarbital for Neonatal Seizures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in neonatal seizures: a systematic review protocol.BMJ paediatrics open · 2020Pooled it
- Short-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Term Neonates Treated with Phenobarbital versus Levetiracetam: A Single-Center Experience.Behavioural neurology · 2019Trial
- Early childhood constraint therapy for sensory/motor impairment in cerebral palsy: a randomised clinical trial protocol.BMJ open · 2015Trial
- Neonatal Epilepsy: Beyond Seizures in a Developing Brain-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous Levetiracetam as first-line treatment for neonatal clinical seizures: A single-center study (2021-2023).eNeurologicalSci · 2025Article
- A Physiologically Based Modeling Approach to Evaluate Intravenous Levetiracetam Dosing in Term and Preterm Neonates.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Treatment of neonatal seizures: from guidelines to precision therapy.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Review of Neonatal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levetiracetam in Neonatal Seizures: What We Still Need to Know.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025Article
- Reducing the percentage of surviving infants with acute symptomatic seizures discharged on anti-seizure medication.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Comparing the Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Levetiracetam and Phenobarbital as First-Line Therapies for Neonatal Seizures: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Levetiracetam vs Phenobarbital as First Line Therapy for the Treatment of Neonatal Seizures.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2024Article
- Padsevonil suppresses seizures without inducing cell death in neonatal rats.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
- Treating Seizures and Improving Newborn Outcomes for Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCompare neurodevelopment after levetiracetam (LEV) and phenobarbital (PB) for neonatal seizures. STUDY
designRetrospective study of infants who received antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for neonatal seizures. Effect of cumulative exposure to LEV and PB on outcomes of death, cerebral palsy (CP) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) scores were evaluated at 24 months corrected age. Analyses were adjusted for number of electrographic seizures and gestational age.
resultIn 280 infants with comparable seizure etiology and cranial imaging results, increased exposure to PB was associated with worse BSID cognitive and motor scores (8.1- and 9-point decrease per 100 mg kg(-1); P=0.01). The effect was less with LEV (2.2- and 2.6-point decrease per 300 mg kg(-1) LEV (P=0.01)). CP probability increased by 2.3-fold per 100 mg kg(-1) PB and was not associated with increasing LEV.
conclusionIncreased exposure to PB is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than LEV. Prospective studies of outcomes of neonatal exposure to AEDs are essential.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.