ReviewInternational journal of preventive medicine2013
Potential health impacts of hard water.
Review in International journal of preventive medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Potential Benefits of Natural Calcium-Rich Mineral Waters for Health and Wellness: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Drinking water and the implications for gender equity and empowerment: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Pooled it
- Association between drinking water hardness and incidence of hospitalization for childhood fracture: an ecological study of England.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Characterisation of Scale Deposits in Drinking Water Pipes by FTIR and ICP-OES.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- A study of the protective association of hard water on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional and cohort study of 481,468 participants in the UK Biobank.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Graphene oxide - polymer nanocomposites for efficient water hardness removal: a step towards healthier drinking water.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Calcium Ion Sensors with Unrivaled Stability and Selectivity Using a Bilayer Approach with Ionically Imprinted Nanocomposites.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in the Prayagraj District, Ganga Basin.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Conductometric sensor for potassium ion profiling using lipophilic salt-incorporated non-toxic ion-selective membrane.Journal of materials research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of hydro-chemical facies and surface water quality dynamics using multivariate statistical approaches in Southern Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Experimental exploring of TiScientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Magnesium in Parkinson's Disease: Status Quo and Implications for Future Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Assessment of drinking water quality using Water Quality Index and synthetic pollution index in urban areas of mega city Lahore: a GIS-based approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of Domestic Water Hardness with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Cancers: Evidence from 447,996 UK Biobank Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Safeguarding drinking water: A brief insight on characteristics, treatments and risk assessment of contamination.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Review
- Investigating the Presence and Levels of Some Selected Chemical Parameters in Borehole Water of Ga-Matlala in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Determining the Potential Risks.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- The Impact of Landfill Operations on Borehole Water Quality.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2024Article
- Health Impact of Drinking Water Quality on the Occurrence of Osteoporosis in Gaza Strip, Palestine.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past five decades or so evidence has been accumulating about an environmental factor, which appears to be influencing mortality, in particular, cardiovascular mortality, and this is the hardness of the drinking water. In addition, several epidemiological investigations have demonstrated the relation between risk for cardiovascular disease, growth retardation, reproductive failure, and other health problems and hardness of drinking water or its content of magnesium and calcium. In addition, the acidity of the water influences the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in the renal tubule. Not only, calcium and magnesium, but other constituents also affect different health aspects. Thus, the present review attempts to explore the health effects of hard water and its constituents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24049611PMC3775162W1570045941What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.