ArticleNature2013
Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection.
Article in Nature, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 386 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
386 citing papers in PubMed, 563 citations in OpenAlex.
- Severe hematopoietic stem cell inflammation compromises chronic granulomatous disease gene therapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Article
- Fatty acid synthesis restricts HIV-1 infection through regulation of the nuclear envelope in CD4+ T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Omics-guided engineering of CHO cells reveals host targets to support AAV production.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- MxB N-Terminus Adopts a Stable α-Helix to Engage the HIV-1 Capsid Trimer Interface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hiding in Plain Sight: HIV-1 Membraneless Organelles as Nuclear Hubs-Host Hijacking, Replication, Immune Evasion, and Drug-Access Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HIV capsid inhibitors: Mechanisms, resistance, and therapeutic advances.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- The antiviral GTPase MxB is packaged into virions and binds via its N-terminal domain to alphaherpesvirus capsids.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Independent proviral and antiviral host factors recognize the same capsid protein in divergent human herpesviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- MX2 Mediates Collapse of the HIV-1 Capsid.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ZFP36L2 is an interferon β -induced inhibitor that restricts the nuclear export of HIV-1 transcripts.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genotype-Encoded UV Sensitivity in iPSC-Derived Human Melanocytes Reveals MX2 as a Physiological Amplifier of p53/p38-Mediated DNA Damage Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- microRNA-422a promotes HIV replication and innate immune evasion by targeting MECP2.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Altered expression of MX2 and SAMD4A in PBMCs predicts early treatment responses in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients during Peg-IFN-α therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses.PloS one · 2026Article
- The C1QTNF6-MX2 Antiviral Axis Inhibits Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication in Porcine Macrophages.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- IL-4 downregulates gap junction protein connexin 26 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages.mBio · 2025Article
- Integrative insights into the oral microbiome's role in systemic diseases: novel therapeutic strategies and future directions.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Review
- Article
326 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Animal cells harbour multiple innate effector mechanisms that inhibit virus replication. For the pathogenic retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), these include widely expressed restriction factors, such as APOBEC3 proteins, TRIM5-α, BST2 (refs 4, 5) and SAMHD1 (refs 6, 7), as well as additional factors that are stimulated by type 1 interferon (IFN). Here we use both ectopic expression and gene-silencing experiments to define the human dynamin-like, IFN-induced myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2, also known as MXB) protein as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection and as a key effector of IFN-α-mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection. MX2 suppresses infection by all HIV-1 strains tested, has equivalent or reduced effects on divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses, and does not inhibit other retroviruses such as murine leukaemia virus. The Capsid region of the viral Gag protein dictates susceptibility to MX2, and the block to infection occurs at a late post-entry step, with both the nuclear accumulation and chromosomal integration of nascent viral complementary DNA suppressed. Finally, human MX1 (also known as MXA), a closely related protein that has long been recognized as a broadly acting inhibitor of RNA and DNA viruses, including the orthomyxovirus influenza A virus, does not affect HIV-1, whereas MX2 is ineffective against influenza virus. MX2 is therefore a cell-autonomous, anti-HIV-1 resistance factor whose purposeful mobilization may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.