ArticleInternational journal of medical sciences2013
Cadmium induced cell apoptosis, DNA damage, decreased DNA repair capacity, and genomic instability during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
Article in International journal of medical sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitigation of cadmium toxicity in African catfish using biological Nano chitosan: insights into biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological effects.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Melatonin as a Repairing Agent in Cadmium- and Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Genotoxic Effects of Lead and Their Impact on the Expression of DNA Repair Genes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Real-world PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Exposure to cadmium and copper triggers cytotoxic effects and epigenetic changes in human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Gene-environment interactions between ERCC2, ERCC3, XRCC1 and cadmium exposure in nasal polyposis disease.Journal of applied genetics · 2017Article
- Cadmium chloride treatment of rats significantly impairs membrane integrity of mesenchymal stem cells via electrolyte imbalance and lipid peroxidation, a possible explanation of Cd related osteoporosis.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2017Article
- Cadmium overkill: autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Article
- Role of autophagy in cadmium-induced apoptosis of primary rat osteoblasts.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- New perspectives on oxidized genome damage and repair inhibition by pro-oxidant metals in neurological diseases.Biomolecules · 2014Review
- A review of molecular events of cadmium-induced carcinogenesis.Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2014-01-01Plagiarism of/in Article · · Zhiheng Zhou named responsible;
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cadmium and its compounds are well-known human carcinogens, but the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis are not entirely understood. Our study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms of DNA damage in cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. We analyzed cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage, gene expression, genomic instability, and the sequence of exons in DNA repair genes in several kinds of cells. These cells consisted of untreated control cells, cells in the fifth, 15th, and 35th passage of cadmium-treated cells, and tumorigenic cells from nude mice using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, comet assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, and sequence analysis. We observed a progressive increase in cell population of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the rate of apoptosis, DNA damage, and cadmium-induced apoptotic morphological changes in cerebral cortical neurons during malignant transformation. Gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of cell proliferation (PCNA), cell cycle (CyclinD1), pro-apoptotic activity (Bax), and DNA damage of the checkpoint genes ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, Cdc25A. Decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and the DNA repair genes hMSH2, hMLH1, ERCC1, ERCC2, and hOGG1 was observed. RAPD-PCR revealed genomic instability in cadmium-exposed cells, and sequence analysis showed mutation of exons in hMSH2, ERCC1, XRCC1, and hOGG1 in tumorigenic cells. This study suggests that Cadmium can increase cell apoptosis and DNA damage, decrease DNA repair capacity, and cause mutations, and genomic instability leading to malignant transformation. This process could be a viable mechanism for cadmium-induced cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.