ReviewIntensive care medicine2013
Clinical implications of antibiotic pharmacokinetic principles in the critically ill.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02446392 (The Distribution of Plasma Drug Concentrations of Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Intensive Care Unit Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 98 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Distribution of Plasma Drug Concentrations of Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2018Pooled it
- Strategies to reduce curative antibiotic therapy in intensive care units (adult and paediatric).Intensive care medicine · 2015Guideline
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of niclosamide nanohybrid for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Antibiotics Removal during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Septic Shock Patients: Mixed Modality Versus "Expanded Haemodialysis".Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Trial
- Investigation of pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes of various meropenem regimens in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and augmented renal clearance.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics and target attainment of ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Optimize Cefotaxime Dosing Regimen in Critically Ill Children.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2018Trial
- Low Caspofungin Exposure in Patients in Intensive Care Units.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment of meropenem in critically ill patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Pulmonary penetration of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2014Trial
- Therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimisation of piperacillin and meropenem: a randomised controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2014Trial
- Identification and validation of a chronic kidney disease prediction model after radical nephrectomy: a multicenter cohort retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Dosing of anti-infective drugs in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange - considerations for practical application: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Trust, but Verify: Translating Dosing Evidence to Understudied Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Transporter-Drive Interstitial Tissue Exposure and Pharmacodynamic Response of Meropenem in Sepsis: A Mechanistic PBPK Modeling Study.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Target controlled infusion in the intensive care unit: a scoping review.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Vancomycin in Intensive Care Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram Analysis of Bovine Mastitis in Northern Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Exogenous glutamate potentiates gentamicin to kill multidrug- and carbapenem-resistantmSystems · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Successful antibiotic therapy in the critically ill requires sufficient drug concentrations at the site of infection that kill or suppress bacterial growth. The relationship between antibiotic exposure and achieving the above effects is referred to as pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). The associated indices therefore provide logical targets for optimal antibiotic therapy. While dosing regimens to achieve such targets have largely been established from studies in animals and non-critically ill patients, they are often poorly validated in the ICU. Endothelial dysfunction, capillary leak, altered major organ blood flow, deranged plasma protein concentrations, extremes of body habitus, the application of extracorporeal support modalities, and a higher prevalence of intermediate susceptibility, independently, and in combination, significantly confound successful antibiotic treatment in this setting. As such, the prescription of standard doses are likely to result in sub-therapeutic concentrations, which in turn may promote treatment failure or the selection of resistant pathogens. This review article considers these issues in detail, summarizing the key changes in antibiotic PK/PD in the critically ill, and suggesting alternative dosing strategies that may improve antibiotic therapy in these challenging patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.