Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24045719›Full record

SynthesisEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2013

Case fatality risk of influenza A (H1N1pdm09): a systematic review.

Jessica Y Wong, Heath Kelly, Dennis K M Ip, Joseph T Wu, Gabriel M Leung, Benjamin J Cowling

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. COVID-19 and Major Organ Thromboembolism: Manifestations in Neurovascular and Cardiovascular Systems.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2021
    Pooled it
  5. Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017
    Pooled it
  6. Guideline
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  17. Review
  18. Does the Prosperity of a Country Play a Role in COVID-19 Outcomes?Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2022
    Observational
  19. Article
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jessica Y WongFrom the aSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; bVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and cNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Heath Kelly
Dennis K M Ip
Joseph T Wu
Gabriel M Leung
Benjamin J Cowling

Funding

Understanding and controlling antibiotic resistanceU54GM088558 · NIGMS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI LIPSITCH, MARC · 2009 to 2018
$26.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM088558
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDuring the 2009 influenza pandemic, uncertainty surrounding the seriousness of human infections with the H1N1pdm09 virus hindered appropriate public health response. One measure of seriousness is the case fatality risk, defined as the probability of mortality among people classified as cases.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review to summarize published estimates of the case fatality risk of the pandemic influenza H1N1pdm09 virus. Only studies that reported population-based estimates were included.

resultsWe included 77 estimates of the case fatality risk from 50 published studies, about one-third of which were published within the first 9 months of the pandemic. We identified very substantial heterogeneity in published estimates, ranging from less than 1 to more than 10,000 deaths per 100,000 cases or infections. The choice of case definition in the denominator accounted for substantial heterogeneity, with the higher estimates based on laboratory-confirmed cases (point estimates = 0-13,500 per 100,000 cases) compared with symptomatic cases (point estimates = 0-1,200 per 100,000 cases) or infections (point estimates = 1-10 per 100,000 infections). Risk based on symptomatic cases increased substantially with age.

conclusionsOur review highlights the difficulty in estimating the seriousness of infection with a novel influenza virus using the case fatality risk. In addition, substantial variability in age-specific estimates complicates the interpretation of the overall case fatality risk and comparisons among populations. A consensus is needed on how to define and measure the seriousness of infection before the next pandemic.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeRiskGlobal HealthHumansInfluenza, HumanPandemics

Identifiers

PMID24045719
PMCPMC3809029

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.