ReviewMolecular human reproduction2014
The role of glycans in immune evasion: the human fetoembryonic defence system hypothesis revisited.
Review in Molecular human reproduction, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amniotic fluid glycoproteins as potential ligands for macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin and their possible implications for immunoregulation during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- GlycoIP: an integrated platform for simultaneous and site-specificFrontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Glycomics of cervicovaginal fluid from women at risk of preterm birth reveals immuno-regulatory epitopes that are hallmarks of cancer and viral glycosylation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Developing glycoproteomics reveals the role of posttranslational glycosylation in the physiological and pathological processes of male reproduction.iMetaOmics · 2024Article
- Sialic Acid-Siglec-E Interactions Regulate the Response of Neonatal Macrophages to Group B Streptococcus.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Article
- Ligand Recognition by the Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectin: Self or Non-Self?-A Way to Trick the Host's Immune System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Roles of N-linked glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins in placentation: trophoblast infiltration, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and pathophysiology.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Seminal Plasma Glycoproteins as Potential Ligands of Lectins Engaged in Immunity Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Profiling the Bisecting N-acetylglucosamine Modification in Amniotic Membrane via Mass Spectrometry.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Glycoproteins Presenting Galactose andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- FGDB: Database of follicle stimulating hormone glycans.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- The Essential Functions and Detection of Bisecting GlcNAc in Cell Biology.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Review
- Insights into the hyperglycosylation of human chorionic gonadotropin revealed by glycomics analysis.PloS one · 2020Article
- The Potential Role of Seminal Plasma in the Fertilization Outcomes.BioMed research international · 2019Review
- HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE and B differ in utilization of low levels of CCR5, Maraviroc susceptibility and potential N-glycosylation sites.Virology · 2017Article
- CXCL10 and IL-6: Markers of two different forms of intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm labor.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2017Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that mechanisms to evade the human immune system may be shared by the conceptus, tumour cells, persistent pathogens and viruses. It is therefore timely to revisit the human fetoembryonic defense system (Hu-FEDS) hypothesis that was proposed in two papers in the 1990s. The initial paper suggested that glycoconjugates expressed in the human reproductive system inhibited immune responses directed against gametes and the developing human by employing their carbohydrate sequences as functional groups. These glycoconjugates were proposed to block specific binding interactions and interact with lectins linked to signal transduction pathways that modulated immune cell functions. The second article suggested that aggressive tumour cells and persistent pathogens (HIV, H. pylori, schistosomes) either mimicked or acquired the same carbohydrate functional groups employed in this system to evade immune responses. This subterfuge enabled these pathogens and tumour cells to couple their survival to the human reproductive imperative. The Hu-FEDS model has been repeatedly tested since its inception. Data relevant to this model have also been obtained in other studies. Herein, the Hu-FEDS hypothesis is revisited in the context of these more recent findings. Far more supportive evidence for this model now exists than when it was first proposed, and many of the original predictions have been validated. This type of subterfuge by pathogens and tumour cells likely applies to all sexually reproducing metazoans that must protect their gametes from immune responses. Intervention in these pathological states will likely remain problematic until this system of immune evasion is fully understood and appreciated.
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