ReviewAmino acids2013
Lysine metabolism in mammalian brain: an update on the importance of recent discoveries.
Review in Amino acids, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anaplerotic therapy in propionic acidemia.Molecular genetics and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Comprehensive metabolic characterization of serum osteocalcin action in a large non-diabetic sample.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Alkamines reveal a hidden layer of steroid and drug metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase, a potential target for substrate reduction therapy in glutaric aciduria type 1.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Classical and Emerging Biomarkers in Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1): Implications for Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Development.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Lysine: Sources, Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling Identifies Synergistic Metabolites that Enhance 5-Fluorouracil Efficacy in Colon Cancer.Iranian biomedical journal · 2025Article
- Metagenome and metabolome study on inhaled corticosteroids in asthma patients with side effects.Journal of integrative bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiling of plasma from glioma and meningioma patients based on two complementary mass spectrometry techniques.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Multi-omics profiling in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA): investigating lipid and metabolic alterations through longitudinal CSF analysis of Nusinersen-treated patients.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- LysineFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Comparative brain metabolomics reveals shared and distinct metabolic alterations in Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Screening a knowledge-based library of low molecular weight compounds against the proline biosynthetic enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate 1 (PYCR1).Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Disrupted de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.Science advances · 2024Article
- All roads lead to Rome: the plasticity of gut microbiome drives the extensive adaptation of the Yarkand toad-headed agama (Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Micro-RNA profiles of pathology and resilience in posterior cingulate cortex of cognitively intact elders.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Identification of Metabolomic Markers in Frozen or Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Samples of Diffuse Glioma from Adults.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Seasonal dietary shifts alter the gut microbiota of a frugivorous lizardEcology and evolution · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The lysine catabolism pathway differs in adult mammalian brain from that in extracerebral tissues. The saccharopine pathway is the predominant lysine degradative pathway in extracerebral tissues, whereas the pipecolate pathway predominates in adult brain. The two pathways converge at the level of ∆(1)-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), which is in equilibrium with its open-chain aldehyde form, namely, α-aminoadipate δ-semialdehyde (AAS). A unique feature of the pipecolate pathway is the formation of the cyclic ketimine intermediate ∆(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) and its reduced metabolite L-pipecolate. A cerebral ketimine reductase (KR) has recently been identified that catalyzes the reduction of P2C to L-pipecolate. The discovery that this KR, which is capable of reducing not only P2C but also other cyclic imines, is identical to a previously well-described thyroid hormone-binding protein [μ-crystallin (CRYM)], may hold the key to understanding the biological relevance of the pipecolate pathway and its importance in the brain. The finding that the KR activity of CRYM is strongly inhibited by the thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) has far-reaching biomedical and clinical implications. The inter-relationship between tryptophan and lysine catabolic pathways is discussed in the context of shared degradative enzymes and also potential regulation by thyroid hormones. This review traces the discoveries of enzymes involved in lysine metabolism in mammalian brain. However, there still remain unanswered questions as regards the importance of the pipecolate pathway in normal or diseased brain, including the nature of the first step in the pathway and the relationship of the pipecolate pathway to the tryptophan degradation pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.