ReviewNature reviews. Urology2013
BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer--the effects of substrain differences.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strains for Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.The Journal of urology · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of three BCG strains (Connaught, TICE and RIVM) with or without secondary resection (re-TUR) for intermediate/high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers: results from a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Trehalose-Based Mertansine Warheads for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Delivery of Anticancer Agents.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- BCG-activation of leukocytes is sufficient for the generation of donor-independent innate anti-tumor NK and γδ T-cells that can be further expandedOncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Mutations in genes encoding innate immune molecules identified in bladder cancer samples as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy with BCG and agonists.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
- Novel intravesical bacterial immunotherapy induces rejection of BCG-unresponsive established bladder tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer-analysis of adverse effects and effectiveness of two strains of BCG (Danish 1331 and Moscow-I).Asian journal of urology · 2022Article
- Outcomes of bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy without a maintenance schedule for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the second transurethral resection era.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2022Article
- 100 years of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy: from cattle to COVID-19.Nature reviews. Urology · 2021Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Cancer.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment.Science China. Life sciences · 2021Review
- Natural Killer Anti-Tumor Activity Can Be Achieved byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Trained immunity as a molecular mechanism for BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2020Review
- Article
- Are there differences among bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains regarding their clinical efficacy in the treatment of non-muscleinvasive bladder cancer? The jury is still out but the answer is likely no.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2020Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Therapy for Bladder Cancer: An Update.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetic mutations have been progressively introduced to BCG by repeated serial passage over many decades of its culture and global dissemination. Thus, marked differences exist in the phenotype, antigenicity, reactogenicity, and clinical characteristics of the numerous substrains of BCG currently in use for bladder cancer immunotherapy. These differences influence proposed mycobacterial antitumour mechanisms and toxicity, potentially resulting in variations in clinical efficacy and adverse effects. However, although there is evidence of substrain-related differences in the clinical efficacy of BCG as a tuberculosis vaccine, evidence of an effect on bladder cancer immunotherapy remains elusive, owing to the lack of appropriately powered head-to-head comparative clinical trials, the nonstandardization of BCG manufacture, and variation in treatment protocols--possibly itself a response to underlying substrain differences. Advances in our understanding of mycobacterial genetics, structure and function, and host-pathogen interactions might explain differences in clinical practice and outcomes. These advances are guiding the identification of biomarkers for reactogenicity and efficacy, and the rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies to eliminate the use of live bacilli for bladder cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.