SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2014
Postmenopausal hormone therapy is not associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic medications and dementia risk: a systematic umbrella review.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment Effects in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies of Pharmacological Interventions: A Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses that Evaluate Risk Factors for Dementia to Evaluate the Quantity, Quality, and Global Representativeness of Evidence.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2019Pooled it
- Feasibility of identifying factors related to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in real-world data.JAMIA open · 2026Review
- The association between reproductive factors and neurocognitive and neuroimaging markers of brain aging.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- 5xFAD mutations induce hearing impairment in the Ahl-corrected 5xFAD mice.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Gene-dose-dependent reduction of Fshr expression improves spatial memory deficits in Alzheimer's mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of cognitive decline and temporal lobe atrophy based on baseline gonadotropins and testosterone.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Follicle-stimulating hormone linked to cognitive decline and amyloid burden in postmenopausal women.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Hormone therapy is associated with lower Alzheimer's disease tau biomarkers in post-menopausal females -evidence from two independent cohorts.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Gene-Dose-Dependent Reduction Fshr Expression Improves Spatial Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Mice.Research square · 2024Article
- Modulation of neural gene networks by estradiol in old rhesus macaque females.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific dementia: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Review
- C/EBPβ/AEP Signaling Drives Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The relationship of postmenopausal hormone therapy with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia has been controversial. Given continued interest in the role of hormone therapy in chronic disease prevention and the emergence of more prospective studies, we conducted a systematic review to identify all epidemiologic studies meeting prespecified criteria reporting on postmenopausal hormone therapy use and risk of Alzheimer's disease or dementia. A systematic search of Medline and Embase through December 31, 2012, returned 15 articles meeting our criteria. Our meta-analysis of any versus never use did not support the hypothesis that hormone therapy reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease (summary estimate = 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 1.16). Exclusion of trial findings did not change this estimate. There were not enough all-cause dementia results for a separate meta-analysis, but when we combined all-cause dementia results (n = 3) with Alzheimer's disease results (n = 7), the summary estimate remained null (summary estimate = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 1.26). The limited explorations of timing of use-both duration and early initiation-did not yield consistent findings. Our findings support current recommendations that hormone therapy should not be used for dementia prevention. We discuss trends in hormone therapy research that could explain our novel findings and highlight areas where additional data are needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.