ArticlePloS one2013
Incidence of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia among older adults in the United Kingdom: a population-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care tests for acute respiratory infection: a systematic review of reviews.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of post-stroke fever and infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2018Pooled it
- A systematic review of the burden of vaccine preventable pneumococcal disease in UK adults.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Low-dose computed tomography for the diagnosis of pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective, interventional cohort study.The European respiratory journal · 2018Trial
- Observational
- Multimorbidity patterns and hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infections: a 15-year population-based cohort study.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Incidence, risk factors and viral aetiology of lower respiratory infections among older adults: a 5-year multicentric cohort study in India.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Systemic corticosteroids for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review of mechanisms and critical appraisal of recent trials in ICU.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial resistance among agents of community-associated lower respiratory tract infection in the UK and Ireland: trends from 1999/2000 to 2018/2019.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Characteristics and trends of antibiotic resistance in several gram-negative bacteria responsible for pneumonia in intensive care patients in Northern Vietnam, 2022-2024.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk-factors associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with alzheimer's disease based on gender differences.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Cost effectiveness of imaging strategies in the emergency department for the diagnostic workup of community-acquired pneumonia: a real-life retrospective study.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among lower respiratory tract infection patients attending at Debre Markos comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Toward understanding sexual immune dimorphism in humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Development of a warning model for drug-induced liver injury in the older patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Is There a Role for Immunostimulant Bacterial Lysates in the Management of Respiratory Tract Infection?Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of CURB-65 and qSOFA Scores in Predicting Pneumonia Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Metagenomics in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and pneumonia (CAP) are common causes of morbidity and mortality among those aged ≥65 years; a growing population in many countries. Detailed incidence estimates for these infections among older adults in the United Kingdom (UK) are lacking. We used electronic general practice records from the Clinical Practice Research Data link, linked to Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient data, to estimate incidence of community-acquired LRTI and CAP among UK older adults between April 1997-March 2011, by age, sex, region and deprivation quintile. Levels of antibiotic prescribing were also assessed. LRTI incidence increased with fluctuations over time, was higher in men than women aged ≥70 and increased with age from 92.21 episodes/1000 person-years (65-69 years) to 187.91/1000 (85-89 years). CAP incidence increased more markedly with age, from 2.81 to 21.81 episodes/1000 person-years respectively, and was higher among men. For both infection groups, increases over time were attenuated after age-standardisation, indicating that these rises were largely due to population aging. Rates among those in the most deprived quintile were around 70% higher than the least deprived and were generally higher in the North of England. GP antibiotic prescribing rates were high for LRTI but lower for CAP (mostly due to immediate hospitalisation). This is the first study to provide long-term detailed incidence estimates of community-acquired LRTI and CAP in UK older individuals, taking person-time at risk into account. The summary incidence commonly presented for the ≥65 age group considerably underestimates LRTI/CAP rates, particularly among older individuals within this group. Our methodology and findings are likely to be highly relevant to health planners and researchers in other countries with aging populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.