ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2013
The use of psychotropic medication during pregnancy: how about the newborn?
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Joint Clinical Practice Guideline on Benzodiazepine Tapering: Considerations When Risks Outweigh Benefits.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Guideline
- Consequences of Maternal Antidepressant and Anticonvulsant Use During Pregnancy: Is Postnatal Inpatient Monitoring Required? - A Retrospective Cohort Study.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Prenatal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Exposure and Its Impact on Neonatal Gastrointestinal and Urinary System: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The impact of the number of non-opioid psychotropic medications and their co-exposures during pregnancy on short-term outcomes in full-term neonates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Review of Neonatal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Withdrawal Syndrome.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2025Article
- Advances in Psychotropic Treatment for Pregnant Women: Efficacy, Adverse Outcomes, and Therapeutic Monitoring.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Case Series.Cureus · 2024Article
- Neonates With In-Utero SSRI Exposure (NeoWISE): a retrospective cohort study examining the effect of newborn feeding method on newborn withdrawal.International journal of population data science · 2024Article
- Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Pregnant Women with Depressive Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Maternal Depression during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Effect of Depressive Disorders and Their Pharmacological Treatment during Pregnancy on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Benzodiazepine use before conception and risk of ectopic pregnancy.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
- Use of Prescribed Psychotropics during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Pregnancy, Neonatal, and Childhood Outcomes.Brain sciences · 2019Review
- Neonatal abstinence syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2018Review
- Article
- Use of antidepressants during pregnancy in the Netherlands: observational study into postpartum interventions.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2017Observational
- Variation in the management of SSRI-exposed babies across England.BMJ paediatrics open · 2017Article
- [Analgesic drugs during pregnancy].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Review
- Neonatal Adaptation Issues After Maternal Exposure to Prescription Drugs: Withdrawal Syndromes and Residual Pharmacological Effects.Drug safety · 2016Review
- Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy: Evaluating the Literature in Support of Clinical Risk-Benefit Decision-Making.Current psychiatry reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infants are at risk of developing symptoms of Poor Neonatal Adaptation (PNA) after exposure to psychotropic drugs in utero. Such symptoms are largely similar after exposure to antidepressants, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines and consist of mostly mild neurologic, autonomic, respirator and gastro-intestinal abnormalities. Most symptoms develop within 48 hours after birth and last for 2-6 days. After exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), mirtazapine or venlafaxine in utero, breastfeeding is presumably protective for development of PNA. The dosage of antidepressants does not seem to be related to the risk of PNA. In order to objectify possible symptoms of PNA, observation of mother and child at the maternity ward is advisable. If PNA symptoms do not occur, an observation period of 48-72 hours is sufficient. This applies to all types of psychotropic drugs. When PNA symptoms are present it is advisable to observe the infant until the symptoms are fully resolved. Observation can be performed by trained nurses using the Finnegan scoring list. This observation list should be administered every 8 hours. Interpretation of the scores should be carried out by a paediatrician. In most cases symptoms are non-specific. Therefore other diagnoses, such as infection or neurologic problems, have to be excluded. When there is any doubt on possible intoxications during pregnancy, toxicological urine screening is indicated. Most cases of PNA are mild, of short duration and self-limiting without need for treatment. Supporting measures such as frequent small feedings, swaddling and increase of skin to skin contact with the mother is usually sufficient. In case of severe PNA it is advised to admit the infant to the Neonatal Care Unit (NCU). Phenobarbital is a safe therapeutic option. There seem to be no major long term effects; however, additional studies are necessary in order to draw definite conclusions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.