ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Species co-occurrence patterns among Lyme borreliosis pathogens in the tick vector Ixodes ricinus.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Coinfection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Tick range expansion to higher elevations: does Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato facilitate the colonisation of marginal habitats?BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Co-existence of MultipleFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Long-term study of Borrelia and Babesia prevalence and co-infection in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor recticulatus ticks removed from humans in Poland, 2016-2019.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Evolutionary Genetics ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on tick-borne pathogen co-infections.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Getting under the birds' skin: tissue tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in naturally and experimentally infected avian hosts.Microbial ecology · 2020Article
- A three-years assessment of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens in a French peri-urban forest.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Ixodes scapularis does not harbor a stable midgut microbiome.The ISME journal · 2018Article
- In situ relationships between microbiota and potential pathobiota in Arabidopsis thaliana.The ISME journal · 2018Article
- Broad-range survey of vector-borne pathogens and tick host identification of Ixodes ricinus from Southern Czech Republic.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2017Article
- Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- The abundance of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia afzelii declines over time in the tick vector Ixodes ricinus.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Fitness estimates from experimental infections predict the long-term strain structure of a vector-borne pathogen in the field.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Multistrain Infections with Lyme Borreliosis Pathogens in the Tick Vector.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Inefficient co-feeding transmission of Borrelia afzelii in two common European songbirds.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Multiple independent transmission cycles of a tick-borne pathogen within a local host community.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Multi-trophic interactions driving the transmission cycle of Borrelia afzelii between Ixodes ricinus and rodents: a review.Parasites & vectors · 2015Review
- Cross-Immunity and Community Structure of a Multiple-Strain Pathogen in the Tick Vector.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mixed infections have important consequences for the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions. In vector-borne diseases, interactions between pathogens occur in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. Spirochete bacteria belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies complex are transmitted by Ixodes ticks and cause Lyme borreliosis in humans. In Europe, there is a high diversity of Borrelia pathogens, and the main tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, is often infected with multiple Borrelia genospecies. In the present study, we characterized the pairwise interactions between five B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in a large data set of I. ricinus ticks collected from the same field site in Switzerland. We measured two types of pairwise interactions: (i) co-occurrence, whether double infections occurred more or less often than expected, and (ii) spirochete load additivity, whether the total spirochete load in double infections was greater or less than the sum of the single infections. Mixed infections of Borrelia genospecies specialized on different vertebrate reservoir hosts occurred less frequently than expected (negative co-occurrence) and had joint spirochete loads that were lower than the additive expectation (inhibition). In contrast, mixed infections of genospecies that share the same reservoir hosts were more common than expected (positive co-occurrence) and had joint spirochete loads that were similar to or greater than the additive expectation (facilitation). Our study suggests that the vertebrate host plays an important role in structuring the community of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies inside the tick vector.
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