ArticleBMJ open2013
Myocardial infarction incidence and survival by ethnic group: Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Asian and Central Asian Populations.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Ethnic differences between South Asians and White Caucasians in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in developed countries: a systematic literature review.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Association of alcohol consumption with morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: original data and meta-analysis of 48,423 men and women.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Guideline
- A Chinese Immigrant Paradox? Low Coronary Heart Disease Incidence but Higher Short-Term Mortality in Western-Dwelling Chinese Immigrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation of Diagnostic Marker Genes for Myocardial Infarction and Analysis of Their Immune Cell Infiltration.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in the burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult residents of London: the TOGETHER study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating the diagnostic and triage performance of digital and online symptom checkers for the presentation of myocardial infarction; A retrospective cross-sectional study.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- Ethnicity and outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal disorders attending an emergency department serving a multi-ethnic population.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of myocardial infarction in Korea: hospitalization incidence, prevalence, and mortality.Epidemiology and health · 2022Review
- Ethnicity and acute hospital admissions: Multi-center analysis of routine hospital data.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Disability pension and mortality in individuals with specific somatic and mental disorders: examining differences between refugees and Swedish-born individuals.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2021Article
- Racial differences in takotsubo cardiomyopathy outcomes in a large nationwide sample.ESC heart failure · 2020Article
- Pericoronary adipose tissue and quantitative global non-calcified plaque characteristics from CT angiography do not differ in matched South Asian, East Asian and European-origin Caucasian patients with stable chest pain.European journal of radiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Improving Dietary Behavior Among Ethnic Minority Women in Denmark: A Feasibility Study Based on a Participatory and Culturally Adapted Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Impact of the Regional Network for AMI in the Management of STEMI on Care Processes, Outcomes and Health Inequities in the Veneto Region, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Differences in all-cause hospitalisation by ethnic group: a data linkage cohort study of 4.62 million people in Scotland, 2001-2013.Public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInequalities in coronary heart disease mortality by country of birth are large and poorly understood. However, these data misclassify UK-born minority ethnic groups and provide little detail on whether excess risk is due to increased incidence, poorer survival or both.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingGeneral resident population of Scotland.
participantsAll those residing in Scotland during the 2001 Census were eligible for inclusion: 2 972 120 people were included in the analysis. The number still residing in Scotland at the end of the study in 2008 is not known. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: As specified in the analysis plan, the primary outcome measures were first occurrence of admission or death due to myocardial infarction and time to event. There were no secondary outcome measures.
resultsAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence risk ratios (95% CIs) relative to white Scottish populations (100) were highest among Pakistani men (164.1 (142.2 to 189.2)) and women (153.7 (120.5, 196.1)) and lowest for men and women of Chinese (39.5 (27.1 to 57.6) and 59.1 (38.6 to 90.7)), other white British (77 (74.2 to 79.8) and 72.2 (69.0 to 75.5)) and other white (83.1 (75.9 to 91.0) and 79.9 (71.5 to 89.3)) ethnic groups. Adjustment for educational qualification did not eliminate these differences. Cardiac intervention uptake was similar across most ethnic groups. Compared to white Scottish, 28-day survival did not differ by ethnicity, except in Pakistanis where it was better, particularly in women (0.44 (0.25 to 0.78)), a difference not removed by adjustment for education, travel time to hospital or cardiac intervention uptake.
conclusionsPakistanis have the highest incidence of AMI in Scotland, a country renowned for internationally high cardiovascular disease rates. In contrast, survival is similar or better in minority ethnic groups. Clinical care and policy should focus on reducing incidence among Pakistanis through more aggressive prevention.
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