ArticleOncogene2014
Androgen receptor and microRNA-21 axis downregulates transforming growth factor beta receptor II (TGFBR2) expression in prostate cancer.
Article in Oncogene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research landscape and emerging trends of non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The diagnostic value of miRNA-141 in prostate cancer: A systematic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Jaboticaba peel extract limits castration-resistant prostate cancer aggressiveness by counteracting EMT through steroid hormone and TGF-β signaling modulation.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- DNA Hypomethylation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Regulatory roles of microRNAs in signaling pathways and their biomarker potential in prostate cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Precancerous Polyps Biochemical Genetics.Biochemical genetics · 2025Review
- Bacteriological Identification, Characterization and Changes of Feces Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Gene expression silencing therapy in tumors, focus on gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- miRNAs Dysregulated in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Benign Prostatic Lesions and Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- Prostate Cancer Progression Modeling Provides Insight into Dynamic Molecular Changes Associated with Progressive Disease States.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- MicroRNAs in Genitourinary Malignancies: An Exciting Frontier of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- MicroRNA-21 modulates brown adipose tissue adipogenesis and thermogenesis in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors Related to the Pathogenesis of Peyronie's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs as clinical tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in prostate cancer.Translational oncology · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Noncoding RNA in the Occurrence of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Exosomal miRNAs-a diagnostic biomarker acting as a guiding light in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells escape growth inhibition from transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by downregulating TGFβ receptors. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells downregulate TGFβ receptors in prostate is not clear. Here, we showed that coordinated action of miR-21 and androgen receptor (AR) signaling had a critical role in inhibiting TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) expression in prostate cancer cells. Our results revealed that miR-21 suppresses TGFBR2 levels by binding to its 3'-UTR and AR signaling further potentiates this effect in both untransformed and transformed human prostate epithelial cells as well as in human prostate cancers. Analysis of primary prostate cancers showed that increased miR-21/AR expression parallel a significantly reduced expression of TGFBR2. Manipulation of androgen signaling or the expression levels of AR or miR-21 negatively altered TGFBR2 expression in untransformed and transformed human prostate epithelial cells, human prostate cancer xenografts and mouse prostate glands. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-21 and AR regulated each other's expression resulting in a positive feedback loop. Our results indicated that miR-21/AR mediate its tumor-promoting function by attenuating TGFβ-mediated Smad2/3 activation, cell growth inhibition, cell migration and apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that the AR and miR-21 axis exerts its oncogenic effects in prostate tumors by downregulating TGFBR2, hence inhibiting the tumor-suppressive activity of TGFβ pathway. Targeting miR-21 alone or in combination with AR may restore the tumor inhibitory activity of TGFβ in prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.