ArticleInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2013
Tonic stimulation of the pharyngeal mucosa causes pain and a reversible increase of inflammatory mediators.
Article in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease dysphagia and aspiration.Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of benzydamine hydrochloride on preventing postoperative sore throat after total thyroidectomy: a randomized-controlled trial.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2019Trial
- Non-interventional Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Lysozymebased Therapy in Patients with Non-infectious Sore Throat.Acta medica academica · 2022Article
- Inhibition of viral and bacterial trigger-stimulated prostaglandin ESAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- Substance P Saliva Reduction Predicts Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Improvements in throat function and qualities of sore throat from locally applied flurbiprofen 8.75 mg in spray or lozenge format: findings from a randomized trial of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the Russian Federation.Journal of pain research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND
designTo develop a model of the inflammatory component of non-infectious sore throat using tonic stimulation and quantification of inflammatory mediators in pharyngeal lavage fluid. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS: Forty-five healthy volunteers. TREATMENT: Cold dry air.
methodTonic stimulation of the pharynx was achieved using a constant stream of cold dry air to the back of the throat. Following optimization of stimulation conditions (phase 1), pharyngeal pain, irritation, and swallowing discomfort were assessed using visual analog scales, and the concentration of inflammatory markers were measured in pharyngeal lavage fluid (phase 2).
resultsOptimum conditions for tonic pharyngeal stimulation were cold dry air at 12 °C, relative humidity 20 %, at a flow rate of 12 L/min for 15 min. Analysis of pharyngeal lavage fluid collected 5 min after stimulation showed significant increases in prostaglandin E₂ (P = 0.018), thromboxane B₂ (P < 0.001), and substance P (P < 0.001), but no increase in peptidoleukotriene. When the stimulus was removed, the level of inflammatory markers in pharyngeal lavage fluid returned to baseline by 30 min post-stimulation. These objective measures mirrored subjective pain ratings.
conclusionsTonic stimulation of the pharyngeal mucosa with cold dry air causes pain and an increase of inflammatory mediators which are reversible.
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