ReviewBehavioural processes2014
Bridging the interval: theory and neurobiology of trace conditioning.
Review in Behavioural processes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Timing of Attentional Distraction Matters in Facilitating Extinction of Trace Fear Memory.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Response dynamics of discrete subiculum→retrosplenial cortex projections underlying trace fear conditioning.iScience · 2026Article
- Involvement of Cortical Associative Areas in Acquisition and Retrieval of Delayed and Traced Conditioned Fear in Mice.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Protein-protein interaction-interfering peptide rescues dysregulated NMDA receptor signaling.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Article
- Acquisition of trace fear conditioning without functional nucleus reuniens did not require dorsal or ventral hippocampus NMDA receptor activation in male Long-Evans rats.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Intra-individual comparison of appetitive trace and delay conditioning in humans across acquisition and extinction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Encodes the Trace Period during Appetitive Pavlovian Conditioning.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Developmental Shifts in Amygdala Function.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Memory engram stability and flexibility.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Learning depends on the information conveyed by temporal relationships between events and is reflected in the dopamine response to cues.Science advances · 2024Article
- Behavioral outputs and overlapping circuits between conditional fear and active avoidance.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2024Review
- Reactivation of encoding ensembles in the prelimbic cortex supports temporal associations.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
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- The hippocampus contributes to retroactive stimulus associations during trace fear conditioning.iScience · 2024Article
- Dynamics and maintenance of categorical responses in primary auditory cortex during task engagement.eLife · 2023Article
- Functional network of contextual and temporal memory has increased amygdala centrality and connectivity with the retrosplenial cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Update on neurobiological mechanisms of fear: illuminating the direction of mechanism exploration and treatment development of trauma and fear-related disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Measuring human trace fear conditioning.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An early finding in the behavioral analysis of learning was that conditioned responding weakens as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) are separated in time. This "trace" conditioning effect has been the focus of years of research in associative learning. Theoretical accounts of trace conditioning have focused on mechanisms that allow associative learning to occur across long intervals between the CS and US. These accounts have emphasized degraded contingency effects, timing mechanisms, and inhibitory learning. More recently, study of the neurobiology of trace conditioning has shown that even a short interval between the CS and US alters the circuitry recruited for learning. Here, we review some of the theoretical and neurobiological mechanisms underlying trace conditioning with an emphasis on recent studies of trace fear conditioning. Findings across many studies have implications not just for how we think about time and conditioning, but also for how we conceptualize fear conditioning in general, suggesting that circuitry beyond the usual suspects needs to be incorporated into current thinking about fear, learning, and anxiety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.