ReviewVeterinary microbiology2013
West Nile viral infection of equids.
Review in Veterinary microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- West Nile virus: epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and open research questions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Mosquito-borne viral infections: veterinary diagnostic approach with a One Health perspective.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Tunisia: Evidence from Human and Entomological Investigation.Viruses · 2025Article
- Serological differentiation of West Nile, Usutu, and tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies in birds and horses using mutant E protein ELISAs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in equids from south-western France in 2023.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- (Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Orthoflavivirus nilense surveillance in the State of Piauí, northeastern Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus among Equids in Bulgaria in 2022 and Assessment of Some Risk Factors.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Fatal West Nile Virus Infection in Horse Returning to United Kingdom from Spain, 2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease.Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
- Low Seroprevalence of WNV in Namibian Dogs Suggests a Limited Effectiveness as Sentinels for Infection Monitoring.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Simultaneous Coinfections with West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus inTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Modelling the West Nile virus force of infection in the European human population.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- European College of Equine Internal Medicine consensus statement on equine flaviviridae infections in Europe.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020.Viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted between certain species of birds and mosquito vectors. Tangential infections of equids and subsequent equine epizootics have occurred historically. Although the attack rate has been estimated to be below 10%, mortality rates can approach 50% in horses that present clinical disease. Symptoms are most commonly presenting in the form of encephalitis with ataxia as well as limb weakness, recumbency and muscle fasciculation. The most effective strategy for prevention of equine disease is proper vaccination with one of the numerous commercially available vaccines available in North America or the European Union. Recently, WNV has been increasingly associated with equine epizootics resulting from novel non-lineage-1a viruses in expanding geographic areas. However, specific experimental data on the virulence of these novel virus strains is lacking and questions remain as to the etiology of the expanded epizootics: whether it be a function of inherent virulence or ecological and/or climactic factors that could precipitate the altered epidemiological patterns observed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.