Trial reportInternational journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics2013
Anal carcinoma: impact of TN category of disease on survival, disease relapse, and colostomy failure in US Gastrointestinal Intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase 3 trial.
Trial report in International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05374252 (A Phase 3, Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Study of Mitomycin, 5-Fluorouracil and IMRT Combined With or Without Anti-PD-1 in Patients With Locally Advanced Anal Canal Squamous Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Study of Mitomycin, 5-Fluorouracil and IMRT Combined With or Without Anti-PD-1 in Patients With Locally Advanced Anal Canal Squamous Carcinoma
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Treatment of Anal Cancer.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review of outcome measures following chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of anal cancer (CORMAC).Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2018Pooled it
- Significance of Co-expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ki67 on Clinical Outcome in Patients With Anal Cancer Treated With Chemoradiotherapy: An Analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 9811.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2017Trial
- Long-term update of US GI intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for anal carcinoma: survival, relapse, and colostomy failure with concurrent chemoradiation involving fluorouracil/mitomycin versus fluorouracil/cisplatin.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2012Trial
- Organ-sparing management of luminal gastrointestinal cancers: current and emerging approaches.Internal medicine journal · 2026Review
- Liver Metastasectomy in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Mayo Clinic Experience.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
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- Article
- Risk Factors for Colostomy after Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus: A Nationwide, Multicenter Analysis in Japan.Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2026Article
- Interstitial HDR brachytherapy for anal cancer-results and quality of life.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025Article
- Modest radiation dose escalation for early-stage anal cancer: cancer control and toxicity outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging in anal cancer: large-scale evaluation of mrT, mrN and novel staging parameters.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Immunological Checkpoint Blockade in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Dramatic Responses Tempered By Frequent Resistance.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Updates on the Version 9 American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Anal Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory pathways confer resistance to chemoradiotherapy in anal squamous cell carcinoma.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Leukocyte subtyping predicts for treatment failure and poor survival in anal squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Definitive Intensity-Modulated Chemoradiation for Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Outcomes and Toxicity of 428 Patients Treated at a Single Institution.The oncologist · 2022Article
- Prognostic impact of lymphopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Article
- Intensity modulated radiotherapy for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma: A 16-year single institution experience.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe long-term update of US GI Intergroup RTOG 98-11 anal cancer trial found that concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with fluorouracil (5-FU) plus mitomycin had a significant impact on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with induction plus concurrent 5-FU plus cisplatin. The intent of the current analysis was to determine the impact of tumor node (TN) category of disease on survival (DFS and OS), colostomy failure (CF), and relapse (local-regional failure [LRF] and distant metastases [DM]) in this patient group. METHODS AND MATERIALS: DFS and OS were estimated univariately by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and 6 TN categories were compared by the log-rank test (T2N0, T3N0, T4N0, T2N1-3, T3N1-3, and T4N1-3). Time to relapse and colostomy were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, and TN categories were compared using Gray's test.
resultsOf 682 patients, 620 were analyzable for outcomes by TN category. All endpoints showed statistically significant differences among the TN categories of disease (OS, P<.0001; DFS, P<.0001; LRF, P<.0001; DM, P=.0011; CF, P=.01). Patients with the poorest OS, DFS, and LRF outcomes were those with T3-4N-positive (+) disease. CF was lowest for T2N0 and T2N+ (11%, 11%, respectively) and worst for the T4N0, T3N+, and T4N+ categories (26%, 27%, 24%, respectively).
conclusionsTN category of disease has a statistically significant impact on OS, DFS, LRF, DM, and CF in patients treated with CCRT and provides excellent prognostic information for outcomes in patients with anal carcinoma. Significant challenges remain for patients with T4N0 and T3-4N+ categories of disease with regard to survival, relapse, and CF and lesser challenges for T2-3N0/T2N+ categories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.