ArticleLancet (London, England)2014
Effect of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) on serogroup A meningococcal meningitis and carriage in Chad: a community study [corrected].
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 126 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2020Guideline
- Chemoprophylaxis and vaccination in preventing subsequent cases of meningococcal disease in household contacts of a case of meningococcal disease: a systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Pooled it
- Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in 2-to-29-Year-Olds in Mali and Gambia.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria species in the African meningitis belt.The Journal of infection · 2016Trial
- Antibody Persistence 1-5 Years Following Vaccination With MenAfriVac in African Children Vaccinated at 12-23 Months of Age.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- Antibody Persistence at 1 and 4 Years Following a Single Dose of MenAfriVac or Quadrivalent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Healthy Subjects Aged 2-29 Years.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of investigational vaccine formulations against meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y in healthy adolescents.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Trial
- Meningococcal Outbreaks in Tertiary Education Settings in the United Kingdom: Lessons from the 2026 Kent Cluster for Surveillance, Vaccination Policy, and Institutional Preparedness in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Narrative Review.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Trends in Meningitis Burden and Projections to 2040: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Graph-based and molecular modeling approaches to identify TpiA as a noval therapeutic target in Neisseria meningitidis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Estimating the impact of decreasing vaccination response times for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in low- and middle-income countries.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- The cost of inaction to strengthen the resilience of primary health care in Latin America and the Caribbean: a modelling study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Bioconjugate Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Biosynthesis of Two Types of Exogenous Antigenic Polysaccharides in a SingleLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Meningococcal Vaccination in the United States: Past, Present, And Future.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Article
- Interlaboratory comparison of a multiplex immunoassay that measures human serum IgG antibodies against six-group B streptococcus polysaccharides.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Facilitating the development of urgently required combination vaccines.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Review
- Vaccination of Rabbits with a Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Comprising O-Specific Polysaccharide and a Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain Induces Protective Immune Responses against Vibrio cholerae O1.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Real-world impact and effectiveness of MenACWY-TT.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
29 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) was licensed in India in 2009, and pre-qualified by WHO in 2010, on the basis of its safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine is now being deployed across the African meningitis belt. We studied the effect of PsA-TT on meningococcal meningitis and carriage in Chad during a serogroup A meningococcal meningitis epidemic.
methodsWe obtained data for the incidence of meningitis before and after vaccination from national records between January, 2009, and June, 2012. In 2012, surveillance was enhanced in regions where vaccination with PsA-TT had been undertaken in 2011, and in one district where a reactive vaccination campaign in response to an outbreak of meningitis was undertaken. Meningococcal carriage was studied in an age-stratified sample of residents aged 1-29 years of a rural area roughly 13-15 and 2-4 months before and 4-6 months after vaccination. Meningococci obtained from cerebrospinal fluid or oropharyngeal swabs were characterised by conventional microbiological and molecular methods.
findingsRoughly 1·8 million individuals aged 1-29 years received one dose of PsA-TT during a vaccination campaign in three regions of Chad in and around the capital N'Djamena during 10 days in December, 2011. The incidence of meningitis during the 2012 meningitis season in these three regions was 2·48 per 100,000 (57 cases in the 2·3 million population), whereas in regions without mass vaccination, incidence was 43·8 per 100,000 (3809 cases per 8·7 million population), a 94% difference in crude incidence (p<0·0001), and an incidence rate ratio of 0·096 (95% CI 0·046-0·198). Despite enhanced surveillance, no case of serogroup A meningococcal meningitis was reported in the three vaccinated regions. 32 serogroup A carriers were identified in 4278 age-stratified individuals (0·75%) living in a rural area near the capital 2-4 months before vaccination, whereas only one serogroup A meningococcus was isolated in 5001 people living in the same community 4-6 months after vaccination (adjusted odds ratio 0·019, 95% CI 0·002-0·138; p<0·0001).
interpretationPSA-TT was highly effective at prevention of serogroup A invasive meningococcal disease and carriage in Chad. How long this protection will persist needs to be established.
fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and Médecins Sans Frontères.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.