ReviewInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2013
Routes of influenza transmission.
Review in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to increase personal protective behaviours to limit the spread of respiratory viruses: A rapid evidence review and meta-analysis.British journal of health psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Promising traditional Indian medicinal plants for the management of novel Coronavirus disease: A systematic review.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021Pooled it
- Anti-Influenza with Green Tea Catechins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Surgical Face Masks in Reducing Acute Respiratory Infections in Non-Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Review Article: Influenza Transmission on Aircraft: A Systematic Literature Review.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2016Pooled it
- Hand hygiene and risk of influenza virus infections in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2014Pooled it
- Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Hand-to-Face Contact by Children in a Simulated School Environment: The Back-to-School COVID-19 Simulation Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Minimal transmission in an influenza A (H3N2) human challenge-transmission model within a controlled exposure environment.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- Facemask against viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: A challenging cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Mapping Reported Modes of Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) to Humans: A Scoping Review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Highly efficient intranasal H5N1 vaccine based on a safe vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Decoding neurodevelopment risks of exposures to intoxication, infection, and trauma during pregnancy.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Surface Composition and Temperature Interact to Shape Viral Survival and Growth.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Accounting for the long-distance transmission route: An epidemiological model of airborne disease transmission in hospitals.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Environmental temperature and relative humidity shape post-emission aerosol fate and airborne influenza transmission.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Human H5N1 Infection From Consumption of Fluid Cow's Milk.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Environmental drivers of influenza A and B: causal analysis and forecasting.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment of human H5N1 infection from consumption of fluid cow's milk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Influenza C Virus in Children With Acute Bronchiolitis and Febrile Seizures.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Remarkably little is known definitively about the modes of influenza transmission. Thus, important health policy and infection control issues remain unresolved. These shortcomings have been exposed in national and international pandemic preparedness activities over recent years. Indeed, WHO, CDC, ECDC and the U.S. Institute of Medicine have prioritised understanding the modes of influenza transmission as a critical need for pandemic planning. Studying influenza transmission is difficult; seasonality, unpredictable attack rates, role of environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity, numbers of participants required and confounding variables all present considerable obstacles to the execution of definitive studies. A range of investigations performed to date have failed to provide definitive answers and key questions remain. Reasons for this include the fact that many studies have not sought to investigate routes of transmission as a primary objective (instead, they have evaluated specific interventions) and that fieldwork in natural settings, specifically assessing the dynamics and determinants of transmission between humans, has been limited. The available evidence suggests that all routes of transmission (droplet, aerosol and contact) have a role to play; their relative significance will depend on the set of circumstances acting at a given time. Dictating the process are factors related to the virus itself, the host and the environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.