ArticleXenotransplantation
N-linked glycan profiling of GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs identifies new potential carbohydrate xenoantigens.
Article in Xenotransplantation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neu5Gc and beyond: sialylation at the innate immune and thromboinflammatory interface of xenotransplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Modern xenotransplantation: rewiring glycan-mediated immunogenicity via genome-glycome convergence.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Changes in the N-glycosylation of porcine immune globulin G during postnatal development.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Complement, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: The Role of the Endothelium and Its Glycocalyx Layer in Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Regulatory macrophages in solid organ xenotransplantation.Korean journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- An Efficacious Transgenic Strategy for Triple Knockout of Xeno-Reactive Antigen Genes GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 from Jeju Native Pigs.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids.Glycobiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Antibody reactivity with new antigens revealed in multi-transgenic triple knockout pigs may cause early loss of pig kidneys in baboons.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
- Article
- Progress towards xenogenic tolerance.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2020Review
- Possible Link Between the ABO Blood Group of Bioprosthesis Recipients and Specific Types of Structural Degeneration.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Profiling natural serum antibodies of non-human primates with a carbohydrate antigen microarray.Xenotransplantation · 2020Article
- Recipients with blood group A associated with longer survival rates in cardiac valvular bioprostheses.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Xenotransplantation tolerance: applications for recent advances in modified swine.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2018Review
- Antigenicity of tissues and organs from GGTA1/CMAH/β4GalNT2 triple gene knockout pigs.Journal of biomedical research · 2018Article
- Amino Acids in Hemagglutinin Antigenic Site B Determine Antigenic and Receptor Binding Differences between A(H3N2)v and Ancestral Seasonal H3N2 Influenza Viruses.Journal of virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe temporary or long-term xenotransplantation of pig organs into people would save thousands of lives each year if not for the robust human antibody response to pig carbohydrates. Genetically engineered pigs deficient in galactose α1,3 galactose (gene modified: GGTA1) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (gene modified: CMAH) have significantly improved cell survival when challenged by human antibody and complement in vitro. There remains, however, a significant portion of human antibody binding.
methodsTo uncover additional xenoantigens, we compared the asparagine-linked (N-linked) glycome from serum proteins of humans, domestic pigs, GGTA1 knockout pigs, and GGTA1/CMAH knockout pigs using mass spectrometry. Carbohydrate structures were determined with assistance from GlycoWorkbench, Cartoonist, and SimGlycan software by comparison to existing database entries and collision-induced dissociation fragmentation data.
resultsMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of reduced and solid-phase permethylated glycans resulted in the detection of high-mannose, hybrid, and complex type N-linked glycans in the 1000-4500 m/z ion range. GGTA1/CMAH knockout pig samples had increased relative amounts of high-mannose, incomplete, and xylosylated N-linked glycans. All pig samples had significantly higher amounts of core and possibly antennae fucosylation.
conclusionsWe provide for the first time a comparison of the serum protein glycomes of the human, domestic pig, and genetically modified pigs important to xenotransplantation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.