ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2013
Feasibility and effectiveness of a low cost campaign on antibiotic prescribing in Italy: community level, controlled, non-randomised trial.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01604096 (Doctors and Local Media), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Doctors and Local Media: a Synergy for Public Health Information? A Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of a Multifaceted Campaign on Antibiotic Prescribing
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of global antimicrobial resistance campaigns conducted to improve public awareness and antimicrobial use behaviours: a rapid systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of community pharmacist-led interventions to optimise the use of antibiotics.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Public target interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines or medical procedures: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2020Pooled it
- Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- A visual affective analysis of mass media interventions to increase antimicrobial stewardship amongst the public.British journal of health psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review of public-targeted communication interventions to improve antibiotic use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) to reduce the use of antibiotics for acute upper respiratory tract infections in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Ambulatory Antibiotic Stewardship through a Human Factors Engineering Approach: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMPooled it
- Administrative interventions in antimicrobial stewardship: a global scoping review of all WHO regions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Leveraging local public health to advance antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) implementation and mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR): a scoping review.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- A confirmation of the predictive utility of the Antibiotic Use Questionnaire.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Do clinical and communication skills scores on credentialing exams predict potentially inappropriate antibiotic prescribing?BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Factors Influencing the Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Primary Care: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antibiotic Prescription in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in Lombardy, Italy: A Sub-Analysis of the EDU.RE.DRUG Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The impact of antimicrobial resistance awareness interventions involving schoolchildren, development of an animation and parents engagements: a pilot study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Paediatric Primary Care in Italy: Findings from 2012-2018.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A New Tool for an Awareness Plan Concerning Critical Issues, Needs and Attitudes of Citizens on the Use of Medicines.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Impact of interprofessional service-learning on the effectiveness of knowledge transfer of antimicrobial resistance to Hong Kong elders: a quasi-experiment.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Article
- Metrics for evaluating antibiotic use and prescribing in outpatient settings.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2021Review
- Impact of a Social Marketing Intervention on General Practitioners' Antibiotic Prescribing Practices for Acute Respiratory Tract Complaints in Malta.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo test the hypothesis that a multifaceted, local public campaign could be feasible and influence antibiotic prescribing for outpatients.
designCommunity level, controlled, non-randomised trial.
settingProvinces of Modena and Parma in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, November 2011 to February 2012. POPULATION: 1,150,000 residents of Modena and Parma (intervention group) and 3,250,000 residents in provinces in the same region but where no campaign had been implemented (control group).
interventionsCampaign materials (mainly posters, brochures, and advertisements on local media, plus a newsletter on local antibiotic resistance targeted at doctors and pharmacists). General practitioners and paediatricians in the intervention area participated in designing the campaign messages. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Primary outcome was the average change in prescribing rates of antibiotics for outpatient in five months, measured as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants/day, using health districts as the unit of analysis.
resultsAntibiotic prescribing was reduced in the intervention area compared with control area (-4.3%, 95% confidence interval -7.1% to -1.5%). This result was robust to "sensitivity analysis" modifying the baseline period from two months (main analysis) to one month. A higher decrease was observed for penicillins resistant to β lactamase and a lower decrease for penicillins susceptible to β lactamase, consistent with the content of the newsletter on antibiotic resistance directed at health professionals. The decrease in expenditure on antibiotics was not statistically significant in a district level analysis with a two month baseline period (main analysis), but was statistically significant in sensitivity analyses using either a one month baseline period or a more powered doctor level analysis. Knowledge and attitudes of the target population about the correct use of antibiotics did not differ between the intervention and control areas.
conclusionsA local low cost information campaign targeted at citizens, combined with a newsletter on local antibiotic resistance targeted at doctors and pharmacists, was associated with significantly decreased total rates of antibiotic prescribing but did not affect the population's knowledge and attitudes about antibiotic resistance.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01604096.
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Registered trials
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